the aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a minoxidil foamable emu oil emulsion with the purpose of improving minoxidil permeation into the skin, increasing hair growth , reducing skin irritation, and increasing consumer compliance. minoxidil was dissolved in a solvent system comprising ethanol: glycerin: lactic acid: water (10:20:5:65). the foamable emulsion was prepared by mixing the o...

candesartan cilexetil (cc) is a newer class of angiotensin ii receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension. the solubility of the cc is very poor and its oral bioavailability is only 15%. the controlled-release polar lipid microparticles of cc (formulations f1, f2, f3 and f4) were prepared using variable erodible lipophilic excipients like hydrogenated castor oil, stearic acid, ce...

The objective of this article is to review the spectrum of mathematical models that have been developed to describe drug release from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based pharmaceutical devices. The major advantages of these models are: (i) the elucidation of the underlying mass transport mechanisms; and (ii) the possibility to predict the effect of the device design parameters (e.g., sha...

We study a theoretical model of drug release from planar matrix. A mathematical model of the drug dissolution and release processes was formulated and investigated numerically in terms of two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations by Göran Frenning (2003). Disregarding drug adsorption, assuming concentration-independent diffusion coefficients, using perfect sink conditions, and specia...

In this paper, the optimal composition of a paeonol temperature-sensitive in situ gel composed of poloxamer 407 (P407) was determined, and a preliminary study of its effect on allergic rhinitis was performed. The optimal composition of the paeonol temperature-sensitive in situ gel included 2% paeonol inclusion, 22% P407, 2% poloxamer 188 (P188) and 2% PEG6000, as assessed by thermodynamic and r...

One of the most well-known classical results for site percolation on the square lattice is the equation pc + p ∗ c = 1. In words, this equation means that for all values 6= pc of the parameter p, the following holds: either a.s. there is an infinite open cluster or a.s. there is an infinite closed “star” cluster. This result is closely related to the percolation transition being sharp: below pc...

We show that the response rate of (i) a static source interacting with Hawking radiation of massless scalar field in Schwarzschild spacetime (with the Unruh vacuum) and that of (ii) a uniformly accelerated source with the same proper acceleration in Minkowski spacetime (with the Minkowski vacuum) are equal. We show that this equality will not hold if the Unruh vacuum is replaced by the Hartle–H...