Solid-state NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented to help elucidate the molecular secondary structure of poly(Gly-Gly-X), which is one of the most common structural repetitive motifs found in orb-weaving dragline spider silk proteins. The combination of NMR and computational experiments provides insight into the molecular secondary structure of poly(Gly-Gly-X) segments and p...

This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between threonine (Thr) efficiency and Thr dehydrogenase (TDG) activity as an indicator of Thr oxidation on chicks fed with levels of diets (CP [17.5% and 21.5%] and Thr [3.8 and 4.7 g/100 g CP]; glycine [Gly][0.64% and 0.98%] and true digestible Thr [dThr] [0.45% and 0.60%]). Calculation of the Thr efficiency was based on N-balance data a...

BACKGROUND COPD-related deaths are increasing in Japan, with ~5.3 million people at risk. METHODS The SHINE was a 26-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study that evaluated safety and efficacy of indacaterol (IND)/glycopyrronium (GLY) 110/50 μg once daily (od) compared with GLY 50 μg od, IND 150 μg od, open-label tiotropium (TIO) 18 μg od, and placebo. The primary end...

The effects of sire and hydrophobicity of small (molecular weights below 2,000) poiypeptides on their predominantly hydrophobic interactions with a neutral phosphohpid monolayer were studied. The changes in surface pressure were determined when various concentrations of Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, L-Ala, L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala, L-Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly, L-Phe-L-Leu-r.-Glu-t+-Ghr-r.-Leu, adrenocorticotropic hormo...

In this study the efficacy of the combination of glycerol (GLY) and ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectants in a vitrification method developed for direct embryo transfer was evaluated by in vitro development of in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos after vitrification. The IVF and SCNT blastocysts were vitrified in either 40% GLY, 30% GLY + 10% EG, or 20% G...

Our previous studies showed that the nonapeptide fragment of HLA-DQ of the sequence H-Thr-Pro-Gln-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-Tyr-Thr-OH, located in the beta164-172 loop, strongly suppresses the humoral and cellular immune responses, while its shorter analogs, H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-OH, H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-Tyr-OH and H-Gln-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-Tyr-OH show only a weak stimulatory activity in respect to the humoral immu...

The properties of carnosine (Car) and glycylglycine (Gly-Gly), transported across the mucosal border, were studied in isolated guinea pig everted ileum. The initial influxes of both dipeptides could be described by single Michaelis-Menten kinetics, having a nearly equal value of maximum influx. Mutual inhibition studies showed that the inhibition observed between Car and Gly-Gly was fully compe...

The structures of four polyhexapeptide collagen models have been investigated by X-ray diffraction. It has been found that (Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro),, (Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Pro),, (Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala), and (Gly-Ala-Ala-GlyPro-Pro),, all show typical collagen-like diffraction patterns, although there is some variation among the polymers in modes of lateral packing and in axial repeat distanc...

BACKGROUND It has been shown that supplementation with creatine (Cr) and glycerol (Gly), when combined with glucose (Glu) necessary for the enhancement of Cr uptake by skeletal muscle, induces significant improvements in thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses during exercise in the heat. PURPOSE To determine whether Cr/Gly-induced thermoregulatory and cardiovascular responses are maint...