Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites of plants which cause important economic losses worldwide. New nematode control measures needed since the removal effective chemical nematicides from market due to their negative impact on environment and human health. Induced hatching second-stage juveniles in absence host plant using root exudates, also named “suicide hatching”, could be a sustainabl...

Nematodes comprise a large phylum of animals that includes plant and animal parasites as well as many free-living species (Maggenti, 1981). Plant parasitic nematodes are obligate parasites, obtaining nutrition only from the cytoplasm of living plant cells. These tiny roundworms (generally 4 mm long and barely visible to the human eye) damage food and fiber crops throughout the world and cause b...

Spicules of 9 Meloidogyne, 2 Heterodera, 3 Globodera, and 12 other plant-parasitic, insect-parasitic, and free-living nematodes were excised and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gubernacula of some of the species were also excised, and their structure was determined. The two spicules of all species examined were symmetrically identical in morphology. The spicule typically cons...