We prove a converse to Moore’s “Garden-of-Eden” theorem: a group G is amenable if and only if all cellular automata living on G that admit mutually erasable patterns also admit gardens of Eden. It had already been conjectured in [11; 1, Conjecture 6.2] that amenability could be characterized by cellular automata. We prove the first part of that conjecture.

One of the fundamental notions of realization of sustainable city within the framework of the theory of sustainable development is what affects the urban green spaces as well as the influence they may have. As the upshot of years’ worth of experiences in the ideology of Iranian urban design, Iranian garden is of magnificently high position which possesses the potentials to act as the green spac...

Soil carbon and nitrogen contents play an important role in sustaining soil physical and chemical quality and help to have healthy environments. The continues conversion of rangelands to arable lands has the potential to change carbon and nitrogen sequestration. In this study to evaluate the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock, forty samples collected from north...

As the most important Buddhist school in history of Chinese Buddhism, philosophy Chan Buddhism and its agricultural practice have had a profound influence on lives literati scholars. Both historically logically, term “Chan Dharma 禪法” is extremely rich connotations. The so-called “agricultural 農禪” transformation farming culture into practice” by practising meditation through activities. “garden ...

A 68-year-old male retired non-atopic school librarian was referred for suspected plant contact dermatitis. The patient had taken up gardening as a hobby when he retired from work: mowing the lawn, cutting hedges and weeding in his garden. For 6–10 years, he had suffered from transient dermatitis on his eyelids, which he attributed to a habit of wiping his eyelids with his hands during gardenin...