BACKGROUND Fumaric acid esters (FAE) are a group of compounds which are currently under investigation as an oral treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. One of the suggested modes of action is the potential of FAE to exert a neuroprotective effect. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have investigated the impact of monomethylfumarate (MMF) and dimethylfumaric acid (DMF) on de- and...

Abstract Organic acids, e.g, citric acid, fumaric lactic malic pyruvic acid and succinic have important role in the food industry are potential raw materials for sustainable chemical industry. Their fermentative production based on renewable requires innovatively designed downstream processing to maintain low environmental impact resource efficiency throughout process. The application of bipola...

The aim of this work was to find the most useful inorganic nitrogen source to enable Leucopaxillus giganteus to become a more nutritious mushroom, regarding organic acid and phenolic composition and total alkaloids content. For these, the influence of NH 4NO 3,NaNO 2, KNO 3,, and (NH 4) 2HPO 4 on the organic acid production was determined by HPLC-UV and total alkaloid content was assessed by a ...

The reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle is an important central biosynthetic pathway that fixes CO2 into carboxylic acids. Among the five reductive steps in the rTCA cycle, the two-electron reduction of fumarate to succinate proceeds nonenzymatically on the surface of photoexcited sphalerite (ZnS) colloids suspended in water. This model reaction is chosen to systematically study the surfa...

Aspartate ammonia-lyase (AAL) catalyzes the reversible conversion reactions of aspartate to fumaric acid and ammonia. In this work, Lactobacillus paracasei LpAAL gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. As well as a recombinant His-tagged protein, maltose-binding protein (MBP) fused used enhance its solubility expression level. Both proteins showed broad substrate specificity, cat...

The ?-blocker (S)-bisoprolol hemifumarate has been synthesised in 96% enantiomeric excess with 19% total yield a six-step synthesis. A transesterification reaction of the racemic chlorohydrin 1-chloro-3-(4-((2-isopropoxyethoxy)methyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol catalysed by lipase B from Candida antarctica resulted R-chlorohydrin high purity. Reaction this building block isopropylamine methanol gave (S...

in this article six new copoly(amide-imide)s (11a-c) were synthesized through the directpolycondensation reaction of 1,3-bis[4,4'-(trimellitimido) phenoxy] propane (6) with 3,3'-diamino diphenyl sulfone (7), 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (8) and 1,5-naphtalene (9) in thepresence of fumaric acid (10) as a second diacid in a medium consisting of n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, triphenyl phosp...