Nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations in estuarine systems often correlate positively with increased nitrogen input. To determine the interactions between nitrogen load, physical drivers, and water quality indicators, we estimated nitrogen inputs to 28 estuaries within the Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (USA) watershed from 1985 to 2013. Estimates were derived by combining parcel specific wast...

educing the amount of nitrogen released from onsite wastewater systems has become a controversial issue in certain parts of the country. In some locales, property owners are being encouraged or even required to add nitrogenreducing systems to new and existing septic systems. This Pipeline explores why controlling nitrogen is an issue and how the units work. Before discussing how nitrogen treatm...

The nitrogen content of sweat seems to vary with changes in the rate of sweating. Observing the total or principal nitrogen of sweat, most investigators (Zuntz and Schumburg (15), Schwenkenbecher and Spitta (11), Riggs (10), Kittsteiner (6), Viale (13), Dill et al. (3), and Araki and Ando (1)) noticed that the nitrogen concentration more or less decreased when the amount of sweat discharged per...

This study investigates the dry and near-dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling to achieve a high material removal rate (MRR) and fine surface finish for roughing and finishing operations, respectively. Dry EDM uses gas and near-dry EDM applies a liquid-gas mixture as the dielectric medium. Experimental studies leading to the selection of oxygen gas and copper electrode for high MRR d...

This paper investigates the sequential announcement of domestic emissions caps by governments in a international-based tradable pollution permit market for a transboundary pollutant. We …nd the sequential choice of domestic allocation caps is sub-optimal and depends on how the follower government reacts to the leader government’s choice. Furthermore, the marginal damage and the degree to which ...

The establishment of new environmental regulation, such as emissions taxes and tradable pollution permit markets, create rents that can be captured through a process of socially wasteful rent seeking. In this paper, we create a framework that compares social welfare under alternative market-based environmental policy instruments when agents lobby for the contestable rent. We show revenue raisin...

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the process whereby nitrogen-fixing bacteria enter into associations with plants, provides the major source of nitrogen for the biosphere. Nitrogenase, a bacterial enzyme, catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium. In rhizobia-leguminous plant symbioses, the current model of nitrogen transfer from the symbiotic form of the bacteria, called a bact...

Watersheds of the US Geological Survey’s Hydrologic Benchmark Network program were used in estimating annual yield of total nitrogen and nitrogen fractions (ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic N, particulate N) in relation to amount of runoff, elevation, and watershed area. Only watersheds minimally disturbed with respect to the nitrogen cycle were used in the analysis (mostly natural vegetati...

The knowledge of the effective ion charge Zeff which indicates the degree of plasma pollution is of high interest, since the tolerable impurity concentration to achieve successful ignition of a fusion plasma is limited. The quantification of Zeff at ASDEX Upgrade has been carried out by means of Integrated Data Analysis in the framework of Bayesian Probability Theory which allows the combined a...