Abstract—Punching shear failure is usually the governing failure mode of flat plate structures. Punching failure is brittle in nature which induces more vulnerability to this type of structure. In the present study, a 3D finite element model of a flat plate with low reinforcement ratio and without any transverse reinforcement has been developed. Punching shear stress and the deflection data wer...

Many building codes rely on empirical formulations with respect to the punching shear design provisions. Such empirical equations are typically calibrated on the basis of laboratory tests performed on simplified geometries (usually isolated specimens) with usually statically-determined loading conditions. On the contrary, actual structures, particularly two-way slabs, are continuous and highly ...

obtaining temperature distribution data of slabs under rolling is essential as the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the metal under this process vary with temperature. using the control volume method, a mathematical model is employed in this study to predict slab temperature in the hot roll process at mobarakeh steel company. the effects of different parameters including the heat resu...

Optical gratings are used extensively for beamsteering in the visible and IR range of the spectrum. Change in the dielectric permittivity of a semiconductor medium resulting from the excitation of a nonequilibrium electron-hole plasma makes it possible to extend this technique to MMW frequencies. A photo-induced plasma grating (PIPG) can be easily rewritten by changing the illumination pattern,...