We report diamagnetic levitation of droplets and/or particles of pico–femtoliter volume and demonstrate their on-chip storage and high precision manipulation (translation, merging, assembling and rotation). We also demonstrate a levitation based microfluidic processor to process droplets/particles with up to a billion times smaller volume than in typical microfluidic devices. The levitated part...

Many biochemical processes take place on timescales ranging from femto-seconds to seconds. Accordingly, any time-resolved experiment must be matched to the speed of the structural changes of interest. Therefore, the timescale of interest defines the requirements of the X-ray source, instrumentation and data-collection strategy. In this study, a minimalistic approach for in situ crystallization ...

We demonstrate the use of an extended, optically trapped probe that is capable of imaging surface topography with nanometre precision, whilst applying ultra-low, femto-Newton sized forces. This degree of precision and sensitivity is acquired through three distinct strategies. First, the probe itself is shaped in such a way as to soften the trap along the sensing axis and stiffen it in transvers...

As a mainstream technology in the 4G systems, TD-LTE (Time Division-Long Term Evolution) introduces Femto nodes to improve spectral efficiency per unit area. However, inter-cell cross-slot interference and uplink/downlink configuration are the key problems in TDD (Time Division Duplexing) system. In the paper, a traffic adaptation scheme with consideration of traffic demands and interference le...

LTE is an emerging wireless data communication technology to provide broadband ubiquitous Internet access. Femtocells are included in 3GPP since Release 8 to enhance the indoor network coverage and capacity. The main challenge of mobility management in hierarchical LTE structure is to guarantee efficient handover to or from/to/between Femtocells. This paper focuses, on different types of Handov...

In this paper, we study uplink network configuration in a two-tier macro-femto heterogeneous system with hybrid access control. We consider a system where one macro base station and a cluster of adjacent femto base stations together serve a number of mobile users. In this system, base stations and users make decisions in various network configuration processes with different optimization object...

Designs of new forms of matter composed of nucleons (neutrons, protons), electrons, and other nuclear particles are detailed. This matter is measured in the femtometer (10 -15 m) scale (―femtotechnology‖), which is millions of times smaller than material on the nanometer (10 -9 m) scale (―nanotechnology‖). These new femto-needles, femto-tubes have extraordinary properties such as tensile streng...

In OFDMA femtocell networks, the licensed spectrum of the macro users (MUs) are available to the femto users (FUs), on the condition that they do not spark off notable interference to the MUs. We contemplate wireless data for femto user (FU) / secondary user (SU) in cognitive radio (CR) networks where the frame structure split up into sensing and data transmission slots. Moreover, we review the...

This paper investigates the use of femtocell as a solution to improve indoor coverage and off-load mobile data indoors on the macro cellular networks. Specifically, the article deals with a performance analysis of femtocell in an indoor cellular network. This is achieved by designing and modelling femto-cell network in an indoor cellular network using OPNET modelling and simulation software. Th...