The acquisition of the external genitalia allowed mammals to cope with terrestrial-specific reproductive needs for internal fertilization, and thus it represents one of the most fundamental steps in evolution towards a life on land. How genitalia evolved remains obscure, and the key to understanding this process may lie in the developmental genetics that underpins the early establishment of the...

To determine the possibility of providing alternative surgical techniques for male genital reconstruction and for male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, the authors undertook an anatomic investigation of the perineogenital region in male cadavers. Anatomic dissection was performed on 14 male adult human cadavers (fresh and formalin-preserved) studying the main afferent vessels to the anterior...

Background: Mixed gonadal dysgenesis is a rare congenital and challenging condition, characterized mainly by 45,X/46,XY karyotype mosaicism, asymmetrical development various internal external genital anatomy. Because of frequent disorder higher risk germ cell neoplasia, management these patients complex requires multidisciplinary approach.Case: We present mixed patient diagnosed with gonadoblas...

Deltochilum burmeisteri Harold, 1867 has been considered as a junior subjective synonym of D. mexicanum Burmeister, 1848 for almost 8 decades. Nevertheless, is resurrected herein from previous synonymy based on the revision external and genital morphology. The lectotype , female specimen, designated herein. High-quality images are provided to ease identification both . key determine closely rel...

A case of disrupted embryonic development of the genital tract in a newborn Holstein calf is described. The physical examination of the calf evidenced several abnormalities, like atresia ani, rudimentary external genitalia and caudal vertebral agenesis. On necropsy, the excised genitalia consisted of bilateral streak gonads, apparently normal uterine tubes, a fluid-filled uterus, a long vagina ...

male urogenital tract infection plays an important role in men infertility. asymptomatic bacteriospermia has been paid attention as a major cause of male infertility. the aim of this study was to microbiological investigation of semen sample of infertile men attending to infertility clinic and evaluation of the effects of bacteriospermia on semen quality. eighty eight infertile men were evaluat...

background female circumcision, sexual amputation, or female genital mutilation (fgm) is an action existing in some cultures and regions of the world. for instance, in africa and some little communities in middle east use this operation for many reasons. this operation is forbidden in those countries and is never linked to religious attitudes. objectives the purpose of the following research wa...

The newborn with abnormal genital development presents a difficult diagnostic and treatment challenge for the primary care pediatrician. It is important that a definitive diagnosis be determined as quickly as possible so that an appropriate treatment plan can be established to minimize medical, psychological, and social complications. The purpose of this review is to identify which newborns amo...