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(DR), reduced food uptake without malnutrition, is the most universal intervention known to extend animal lifespan, from invertebrates to mammals [1]. However, despite impressive progress in identifying the key components of the DR pathway, many proximal effectors of DR induced longevity remain unknown to date [1]. One central obstacle in the search for such mechanisms is that DR causes a myria...

Warren Knudson, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL 60612 USA [email protected] Warren Knudson obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1981 working in the laboratory of Dr. Edward Conrad. Following postdoctoral study in Dr. Bryan Toole’s laboratory, where his interest in hyaluronan began, he joined the faculty at Rush Medical College i...

Stephen Perrett is currently the Corporate Technology Director at Eurand. He is responsible for Merger and Acquisition activities and for the licensing in of new technologies for the Eurand Group. Through internal development and acquisition Eurand now controls one of the broadest ranges of drug delivery technologies in the industry. Dr Perrett has 20 years of experience in the drug delivery in...

This report was produced by Jane Harrigan (Consultant, AfDB and Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London) under the supervision of Vincent Castel (Principal Program Officer, ORNA). Overall guidance was received from Jacob Kolster (Director, ORNA) and Nono Matondo-Fundani (Director, ORNB). The team also included Catherine Baumo...

Homo sapiens is entering a vital era in which the human-technology link is an inexorable trend. In this paper a look is taken as to how and why this is coming about and what exactly it means for both the posthuman species Homo technologicus and its originator Homo sapiens. Clearly moral and ethical issues are at stake. Different practical experimentation results that relate to the theme are des...

The Hmong are a transnational ethnic people, because of their dispersal from China into Southeast Asia in the early 19th century and from Southeast Asia to Western countries from 1975 onward. However, even within the context of Southeast Asia and southern China, the Hmong are a transnational ethnic group, due to state boundaries and the enforcement of international laws. Scholars speak as thoug...

Objective: Apoptosis and autophagy of retinal cells, which may be induced by oxidative stress, are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The autophagy induced by oxidative stress is considered as excessively stimulated autophagy, which accelerates the progression of DR. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of GLP-1 treatment on alleviating apopto...

Purpose To reveal the expression profile and clinical significance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Circular RNA microarrays were performed to identify DR-related circRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG analysis was performed to determine the biologic modules and signaling pathway. TargetScan and miRana program was used to predict circRNA/miRNA intera...

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan and promotes metabolic health in evolutionary distinct species. DR is widely believed to promote longevity by causing an energy deficit leading to increased mitochondrial respiration. We here show that inhibitors of mitochondrial complex I promote physical activity, stress resistance as well as lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans despite normal food upta...