Economic development and globalization of international markets have created a favourable atmosphere for the emergence of new forms of crime such as money laundering or financing of terrorism, which may contribute to destabilized and damage economic systems. In particular, money laundering have acquired great importance since the 11S attacks, what has caused on the one hand, the establishment a...

Describing the nature of a particular topic is commonly the path towards defining it. Attempting to outline what constitutes terrorism amounts to landing in the middle of a semantic minefield where emotions run very high and the criteria necessary to describe the term are constantly evolving. Terrorism is a polemical word that has long provoked interpretation discrepancies in the international ...

Terrorism is not a new concept, as historically terrorist organisations have used the threat of violence or actual violence to generate fear in individuals, organisations and governments alike. Fear is a weapon and is used to gain political, ideological or religious objectives. Past terrorist attacks have raised concerns around the world, as governments ensured that their anti-terrorism securit...

Broadly speaking, ‘terrorism’ is regarded as extremely violent behavior by what is normally considered to be a minority subgroup of society. The value system in which terrorism is imbedded is not universally shared within the larger society from which it emanates. Terrorists form a movement that pursues a cause defined by its aims which, in turn, are defined within a value framework that may be...

The present study assessed the degree to which probabilistic reasoning performance and thinking style influenced perception of risk and self-reported levels of terrorism-related behavior change. A sample of 263 respondents, recruited via convenience sampling, completed a series of measures comprising probabilistic reasoning tasks (perception of randomness, base rate, probability, and conjunctio...

Compared tomost types of criminal violence, terrorismposes special data collection challenges. In response, there has been growing interest in open source terrorist event data bases. One of the major problems with these data bases in the past is that they have been limited to international events—those involving a national or group of nationals from one country attacking targets physically loca...

The ubiquity of contemporary terrorism defines the evilness of banality. A typical terrorist profile does not exist; it’s atypical character of this vile phenomenon that chills human rationality. This article briefly unravels the dynamics of terror and its implications. Un-separated terrorism and counter-terrorism destroy the climate for civil transformation. Our counterproductive interventions...

In this paper, we offer a general analytical framework illustrating the complex two-way interactions between trade and transnational terrorism. We then survey the recent economic literature in light of this framework by pointing to the importance in empirical studies a) to control appropriately for theses interactions, b) to distinguish between "source" countries and "target" countries of terro...

Many studies in recent years have focused on the relationship between government's ability to manage and economic performance indicators. There is ample empirical evidence that factors such as presence of corruption, violence, terrorism a country, quality institutions controlling market affect success policies. Similarly, issue how public debt stock affects growth has been central question many...

Tourism revenues have contributed to economic development in many countries, whether developed or developing, all over the world. It is one of sources foreign cash flows that contribute increasing Gross Domestic Product (Henceforth GDP). also contributes providing employment opportunities as it a labor-intensive industry. Egypt has factors attract tourists, especially cultural and natural touri...