The response of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes to allogeneic tumor cells was used to determine whether the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) involved the proliferation of precursor cells. Ten days post-injection, both cytotoxic activity and the formation of conjugates between lymphocytes and target cells were shown to be specific for the immunizing tumor alloantigens and to be effec...

The specificities of cloned cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were studied for the analysis of CTL populations generated against murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) in H-2 congenic BALB/c (H-2d) and BALB.B (H-2b) mice. In particular, CTL generated in response to tumors induced by Gross MuLV and Friend MuLV were studied; these tumors expressed virus-induced antigens that do not cross-react and that can b...

This study was performed to test the hypothesis that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) selection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) escape variants plays a role in HCV persistence. The peripheral blood CTL responsiveness of patients with well-established chronic hepatitis C to a panel of 10 prototype HCV peptides (genotype 1a) was compared with the corresponding sequences encoded by the infecting viruses in...

Experimental data suggest that negative selection of thymocytes can occur as a result of supraoptimal antigenic stimulation. It is unknown, however, whether such mechanisms are at work in mature CD8+ T lymphocytes. Here, we show that CD8+ effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are susceptible to proliferative inhibition by high dose peptide antigen, leading to apoptotic death mediated by TNF-al...

The human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been intensely studied, and hundreds of CTL epitopes have been experimentally defined, published, and compiled in the HIV Molecular Immunology Database. Maps of CTL epitopes on HIV-1 protein sequences reveal that defined epitopes tend to cluster. Here we integrate the global sequence and immunolog...

This paper is devoted to proposing a mathematical model in order explore the dynamics of HTLV-Ⅰ (human T-cell leukemia virus type-Ⅰ) infection, which closely related target cell-virus-immune system interaction and time-delay cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response are taken into consideration. Firstly, we give relevant lemma for existence feasible equilibrium points model, then further cer...

One of the teacher's abilities in supporting learning objectives is to design products according needs field. To determine quality developed product, teacher must conduct several tests involving experts, students, and teachers. This study aims assess model that has been by researchers, namely Contextual Teaching & Learning (CTL) improve students’ life skills through Islamic Religious Educat...

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection induces a protective CTL response consisting of gp- and nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CTL. We find that a small load of LCMV led to immunodominance of NP-CTL, whereas a large viral load resulted in dominance of gp-CTL. This is the first study describing that immunodominance is not fixed after infection with a given pathogen, but varies with the ...

TCR repertoire availability has the potential to influence the immune response to foreign antigens. Here we have analysed how changes in V region availability influence the H-2b-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to a dominant peptide determinant derived from the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B (gB). We have previously shown that C57BL/6 mice mount a gB-specific, Kb-restricted...

Cancer specific immunity elicited with vaccines has traditionally focused on the activation of the CD8 cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) often involving direct stimulation of immunity using HLA-class I binding peptide epitopes. Recently it has become clear that activation of the CTL immune effector arm alone is insufficient to mediate an anticancer response. A major problem is that CD8 T cells alone...