Plant shoots have thick, polylamellate outer epidermal walls based on crossed layers of cellulose microfibrils, but the involvement of microtubules in such wall lamellation is unclear. Recently, using a long-term movie system in which Arabidopsis seedlings were grown in a biochamber, the tracks along which cortical microtubules move were shown to undergo slow rotary movements over the outer sur...

The first stage of the RTM process concerns the preforming of the part. During the preforming of multilayered reinforcements, frictions between the plies occur. An experimental device designed to analyse the ply/ply, ply/tool and yarn/yarn frictions has been set up. Specific contact behaviour for ply/ply friction is directly related to shocks taking place between overhanging yarns of each sampl...

The current study focussed on analysing natural frequency and damping of laminated composite beams (LCBs) by varying fiber angle, aspect ratio, material property boundary conditions. Ritz method with displacement field based the shear normal deformable theory is used modal calculated using strain energy method. Effects symmetric angle-ply cross-ply, anti balanced quasi-isotropic lay up schemes ...

• In-situ monitoring of transverse cracks and delamination for CFRP laminates under fatigue. Poisson’s ratio identifies whether early fatigue damage involves delamination. Interactive levels between are quantified. Correlation cumulative acoustic emission energy crack density. Ply-block size stress level effect on accumulation investigated during life laminates. Tension-tension tests different ...

Aggressive treatment with antibiotics in patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae induces release of the bacterial virulence factor pneumolysin (PLY). Days after lungs are sterile, this pore-forming toxin can still induce pulmonary permeability edema in patients, characterized by alveolar/capillary barrier dysfunction and impaired alveolar liquid clearance (ALC). ALC is mainly regulated ...

Pore-forming proteins are weapons often used by bacterial pathogens to breach the membrane barrier of target cells. Despite their critical role in infection important structural aspects of the mechanism of how these proteins assemble into pores remain unknown. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the world's leading cause of pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and otitis media. Pneumolysin (PLY) is a majo...

As Rachel Louise Carson (1907-1964) successfully noted in her phrase “The human race is challenged more than ever before to demonstrate our mastery not over nature but of ourselves”, we are challenged to find ways to produce more energy, reduce our waste production while minimizing use of limited natural resources. Although recycling of materials has a history going back to the times of Plato B...

This review discusses key technologies of intelligent tires focusing on sensors and wireless data transmission. Intelligent automobile tires, which monitor their pressure, deformation, wheel loading, friction, or tread wear, are expected to improve the reliability of tires and tire control systems. However, in installing sensors in a tire, many problems have to be considered, such as compatibil...