Background: The study examined the impact of a contract farming scheme on the farmers’ income, food security, and nutrition. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well the Propensity Score Matching technique. Results: The major determinants of participation in contract farming included...

This study proposes a novel option-revenue sharing coordination contract framework. In the proposed model, the retailer determines the number of order sales effort. The manufacturer sets the price of products for the wholesale strategy. The investigated supply chain problem analyzes the results of different strategies. In the proposed coordination contract problem, two types of games including ...

Preparation of the shrimp breeding project began in 2018-2019. And creation suitable conditions for farming larvae white-legged shrimp, Penaeus vennami. The is funded by Iraqi Ministry Higher Education and Scientific Research. was designed specialists at Marine Science Centre (MSC). It aims to introduce P. vennami from neighboring Iranian farms transfer experiences after reviewing all its detai...

There are two competing architectural styles employed for building Web services: RESTful services and services based on the WS-* standards (also known as SOAP). These two styles have separate follower bases, but many differences between them are ideological rather than factual. In order to promote the healthy growth of Web services research and practice, it is important to distinguish arguments...

a contractual relationship is commonly based on statements, expectations, acts and omissions out of which some will, and others will not, give rise to contractual obligations. to avoid uncertainty as to what is agreed, the contract parties often enter into a written contract that is supposed to express the final agreement between them and prevent the parties from relying on rights and obligatio...

when the parties enter into a contract, they are obliged to implement its obligations, but sometimes events occur that make it impossible to execute the contract or runtime status than the time of conclusion of the contract is fundamentally different. these events are referred to as legal excuses if eligible, the parties are exempt from the obligations and responsibilities. the most important l...

This study aims to review values congruence in supply chain management. Values congruence, commonly described by researchers as the sameness of object, idea, and people, are challenging identify, measure prove because inherent intangibles people only seen one’s behaviour. As an exploratory study, this paper concentrated on management process critical path identified specifications, sourcing, ev...