Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood via so-called "liquid biopsies" carries enormous clinical potential in malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) because of the potential to follow disease evolution with a blood test, without the need for repeat neurosurgical procedures with their inherent risk of patient morbidity. To date, studies in non-CNS malignancies, partic...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major obstacle to the treatment of malignant brain tumors and other central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The Eleventh Annual Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Consortium Meeting was convened to discuss recent advances and future directions in imaging and nanomedicine. Two sessions, one on Cell and Molecular Imaging in the CNS and another on Nanotechnology...

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL) is a rare type of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which often infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS) during the clinical course. Cerebral hemorrhage in patients with CNS lymphoma at presentation is rare. Herein, we describe a case of secondary CNS lymphoma with intratumoral hemorrhage, which was suggested as IVL from autopsy find...

Programmed cell death is an essential process in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and is fundamental for the control of the final number of neurons and glial cells. Excessive cell death has been implicated in a growing number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis as well as ischemic injury. We review the contribution of death ...

Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). NCSC-like cells can be isolated from multiple peripheral organs and maintained in neurosphere culture. Combining in vitro culture and transplantation, we show that expanded embryonic NCSC-like cells lose PNS traits and are reprogrammed to generate CNS cell types. When transplanted into the ...

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioma-induced immune disfunction has been described in a limited number of studies, and here we further demonstrate that gliomas also interrupt the cellular differentiation programming outcomes hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) bone marrow. HSCs from glioma-bearing mice are re-programmed driven towards expansion myeloid lineage precursors myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSC) seco...

Abstract Glioma is the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) highest deadly central nervous system (CNS) affecting a significant number patients each year, with median overall survival approximately 14.6 months after diagnosis. Despite intensive treatment, nearly all GBM experience recurrence, 5-year rate about 5%. The protective BBB high tumor heterogene...

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a recently described, morphologically unique, and surgically curable low grade brain which included in the WHO CNS classification as neuronal mixed glial tumor. It usually seen children young adults. This entity first described by Damas-Duport 1998 non-recurring with an excellent prognosis. We present case of 30 year old female experiencing seizu...

The incidence of gliomas is on the increase, according to epidemiological data. This increase is a conundrum because the brain is in a privileged protected site behind the blood-brain barrier, and therefore partially buffered from environmental factors. In addition the brain also has a very low proliferative potential compared with other parts of the body. Recent advances in neural stem cell bi...

BACKGROUND Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly malignant neoplasm seen frequently in infancy and early childhood. This report presents a 9-year-old girl of primary third ventricular AT/RT with peritoneal metastasis after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter implantation for hydrocephalus before the identification of the CNS tumor. METHO...