Reproductive frequency in captive and wild-caught female Tiliqua nigrolutea was examined over five consecutive reproductive seasons. Reproductive frequency (0.38 ± 0.035) was clearly different from an annual pattern of 1.0 (i.e. all females reproducing every year). Individual females did not reproduce every year, but “skipped” seasons were staggered such that a proportion of the population prod...

Variation in egg size and shape of the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix was investigated in the National Park “Ujœcie Warty”, western Poland, in 2000 and 2001. Mean clutch size was 4.55±0.79 (n=40). Coefficients of variation for clutch means ranged from 2.00±1.16 (breadth) to 3.35±1.76 (elongation index). Mean repeatability estimates were 0.69, 0.71, 0.73, and 0.62 for length, breadth, volume, ...

Automated Manual Transmissions (AMTs) systems are generally constituted by a dry or wet clutch assembly and a multi-speed gearbox, both equipped with electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic actuators, which are driven by a control unit, the transmission control unit (TCU). In this transmission type the quality of the vehicle propulsion as perceived by the driver is largely dependent on the qual...

Wet friction clutch is the key functional component of high-speed helicopter variable-speed transmission system, which used to change power path. In engagement process wet clutch, driving/driven disc will produce drag torque under shearing lubricating oil, reduces efficiency. This unnecessary efficiency and increases temperature. The temperature increase promotes wear gears bearings aging defor...

Automobile components are subjected to high dynamic forces and vibrations under operational conditions which need detailed system analysis for work properly. Clutch is one of the important parts automobile powertrain with torque transmission controlling vibration damping properties. Metallic helical springs widely preferred within clutch discs their durable mechanic properties against variables...