Various neurological complications occur in primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) consisting of cerebrovascular attacks, ocular events, dementia, seizure, chorea, and transverse myelopathy that are all related to the titer of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). We report a patient with chorea and retinal vessel occlusion as manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ...

four patients with "primary orthostatic cerebral ischaemia" are described. They complained of dizziness, light-headedness or syncope on standing. None had a significant fall in his systemic blood pressure on assuming the erect posture. Each had bruits over the major neck vessels or absent pulses. Angiography showed widespread narrowing or occlusion of the cervical blood vessels which supply the...

Heart diseases and stroke represent an epidemic cause of death and disability in developed countries1, responsible for about 30 percent of all deaths worldwide each year. The term cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include coronary heart disease (CHD) (myocardial infarction [MI], angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency, and coronary death), cerebrovascular diseases (stroke and transient ischemic att...

Corresponding Author: Sharifian M. MD Mofid Children Hospital Email:[email protected] Objective Hypertension is called the silent killer and vital organs such as the brain, eyes, kidneys and the heart are the targets. Seizure, central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), blindness and heart attacks are the end points. The prevalence of hypertension in ch...

CLINICAL HISTORY This 60-year-old woman has had a history of severe migraines without aura since she was 25 years old. The attacks now occur once every 3 weeks or less, lasting up to a week without treatment. Sumatriptan, 6 mg, administered subcutaneously (SQ) completely relieves the headache and zolmitriptan, 5 mg, decreases the headaches to a dull level. Sumatriptan, 50 mg, administered orall...

Brain Injury Mechanisms of Brain Injury Hypoxia and Ischemia Excitatory Amino Acid Injury Cerebral Edema Increased Intracranial Volume and Pressure Brain Herniation Hydrocephalus Traumatic Head and Brain Injury Skull Fractures Traumatic Brain Injury Manifestations of Global Brain Injury Anatomic and Physiologic Basis of Consciousness Reticular Activating System Levels of Consciousness Other Man...

Patient records in 36 consecutively identified patients with typical echocardiographic findings of atrial septal aneurysm were reviewed. Ten of the 36 (28%) had cerebrovascular events. Of these 10, 5 had completed strokes of definite embolic origin on the basis of clinical, angiographic, and computed tomographic findings; 2 had transient ischemic attacks of probable embolic origin. One of the 3...

Kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery (ICA) sometimes may result in symptomatic cerebrovascular disease, but indisputable evidence linking the two conditions is lacking. However, there is enough evidence to warrant careful consideration of surgical correction in patients who have features of the carotid artery syndrome and kinking of the ICA as shown on angiography. Kinking or buck...

Cranial blood flow, mean cranial transit time and cranial blood volume were measured by the intravenous RISA technique in 10 patients with cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIA) at the various time intervals from the onset of last attack. Cranial blood flow was subnormal in 5 out of 11 determinations and mean transit time trended to be prolonged in the diseased hemisphere in cases suggestive...

Fibrinogen is a high molecular weight plasma protein that plays a key final role in the cascade that results in the clotting of blood (Fig. 1). Elevated blood levels of fibrinogen have been identified in a number of studies to be a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (heart attacks) and cerebrovascular disease (strokes), which together account for about 60% of deaths in the elderly. In...