the conversion of the cellulose into 5-hmf would experience three steps, cellulose to glycose, glycose to fructose and fructose to 5-hmf. chloride ion can break down the hydrogen bond in cellucose, chromium can catalyze the isomerization of glycose to fructose, and the high temperature is helpful to cyclohydration of fructose to 5-hmf. in this paper, the sawdust has been directly degraded into ...