breast cancer is the most common cancer in women after skin cancer. in iran, the presentation age of this cancer is younger than the global average. there are different therapeutic methods for treatment of breast cancer and the choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease as well as its type and characteristics. therapeutic methods include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapie...

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether the PAM-50-based 46-gene assay carries prognostic value for risk local recurrence breast cancer. Methods Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG) 8 RCT compared 5 years tamoxifen with 2 followed by anastrozole 3 in postmenopausal women endocrine receptor-positive This included patients from trial who had breas...

Since December 2009, after breast-conserving surgery for Stage 0-I cancer of the left breast, 21 women with relatively pendulous breasts underwent computed tomography prone and supine simulations. The adjuvant radiotherapy was 50 Gy in 25 fractions to the left breast alone. Four plans--conventional wedged tangents and forward intensity-modulated radiotherapy (fIMRT) in supine and prone position...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND To compare the outcome of concurrent versus sequential administration of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy and radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in early breast cancer. METHODS From February 1992 to January 2002, 156 patients underwent CMF chemotherapy and radiotherapy, either concurrently (CCRT group, 88 patients) or sequenti...

The management of localized breast cancer has changed dramatically over the past three to four decades. Breast-conserving therapy, which involved lumpectomy followed by adjuvant irradiation, is now widely considered the standard of care in women with early-stage breast cancer. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), which involves focal irradiation of the lumpectomy cavity over a short p...

This study reports on 110 consecutive patients, mean age 59 years, operated on for partial mastectomy and axillary dissection. Radiotherapy of 50 Gy was administered to 75 of the patients. Most tumours were T1 tumours and all patients were NO. Lymphoedema is defined as an increase in arm volume > 10% and impaired shoulder mobility as an impairment of 15 degrees compared with the preoperative va...

Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) occurs at presentation in approximately 20-25% of breast cancer patients worldwide, but significantly less in countries with implemented screening programs. LABC refers to large operable (stage IIB, IIIA) or inoperable (stage IIIB, IIIC) tumors, including inflammatory breast cancer. Patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node involvement previously...

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of breast cancer patients with T1a-T1b, which was defined as tumor size was within 1 cm. Methods: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 39143 patients with T1a-T1b breast cancer who were diagnosed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013. Clinicopathological fea...