BACKGROUND Lumps arising in the head and neck constitute an important diagnostic category in children. As malignancy in this age group is relatively rare, lumps that are not due to inflammatory or infective causes often prove to be cysts. Correct diagnoses of the different subcutaneous lumps are often missed because of the lack of recognition or uncertainty with management. OBJECTIVES The pur...

Transverse facial clefts are rare deformities, these mostly occur as part of syndromes such as facial dysostosis and branchial arch syndrome. This is a report of a case of isolated, asyndromic bilateral facial cleft seen at a semi-urban specialist hospital. Congenital facial defects remain sources of mental and social stress to the families. Infanticide, perhaps a thing of the past in the devel...

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of permanent incisor crowding in the maxillary and mandibular arches among Saudi schoolchildren. Three hundred and fifty four dental casts of Saudi schoolchildren attending pediatric dentistry and orthodontic clinics in College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were studied by one examiner. The children’s age rang...

We studied the mass growth trajectories of middle ear ossicles and tympanic membrane oval window area in 19 specimens postnatal ages 30–180 days gray short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica . weighed skull three with appropriate balances. Using a binocular microscope provided grid, we measured length malleus incus, as well longest axis one perpendicular to it on both stapes footplate. The si...

The paired-related homeobox gene, prx-1, is expressed in the postmigratory cranial mesenchyme of all facial prominences and is required for the formation of proximal first arch derivatives. We introduced lacZ into the prx-1 locus to study the developmental fate of cells destined to express prx-1 in the prx-1 mutant background. lacZ was normally expressed in prx-1(neo); prx-1(lacZ )mutant cranio...

The autosomal dominant hereditary Treacher Collins syndrome manifests itself phenotypically in dysmorphogenesis of particularly the first, but also the second branchial arch system. Consequently, 50% of patients with Treacher Collins syndrome have a congenital, generally pure conductive hearing loss resulting from a major or minor ear anomaly. The outcome of surgery to improve patients' hearing...

Hereditary malformations of the external ear, such as microtia and auditory meatal atresia, unassociated with other congenital defects or syndromes, are rarely reported in the medical literature. McKenzie (1958) described such deformities of the external ear as one of the phenotypic variations within the category of a 'first arch syndrome' caused by a dominant gene with variable pentrance. Comp...

The operculum is a large flap consisting of several flat bones found on the side of the head of bony fish. During development, the opercular bones form within the second pharyngeal arch, which expands posteriorly and comes to cover the gill-bearing arches. With the evolution of the tetrapods and the assumption of a terrestrial lifestyle, it was believed that the operculum was lost. Here, we dem...