A subcell model for thin wires in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method using modified telegraphers equations has been developed by Holland et al. In this paper we present an extension of their algorithm, which allows arbitrarily located and oriented wires with respect to the Cartesian grid. This is important to be able to accurately model wires that cannot be aligned to the Cartesian...

The problem of ordering and sizing parallel wires residing in a single metal layer within an interconnect channel is addressed in this paper. Wires are ordered such that cross-capacitances between neighboring wires are optimally shared for circuit delay minimization. Using an Elmore delay model including cross capacitances, an optimal wire ordering is uniquely determined, such that average sign...

We describe a complete FPGA-based emulation software system using Virtual Wires technology and present the results of emulating an 18K-gate ASIC implementation of a Sparc microprocessor. Virtual wires overcomes the pincount limitation that formerly restricted the efficiency of FPGAbased logic emulators. The MIT Virtual Wires softwire compiler accepts a netlist description of the system to be em...

This study examines the formation of bacterial biofilms on percutaneous wires used for fracture fixation. Twelve control (clinically uninfected) wires and ten infected wires were collected and examined using broth culture and scanning electron microscopy. Three of the 12 control wires grew Staphylococcus spp. with very low bacterial counts in their percutaneous portions. In the clinically infec...

INTRODUCTION We conducted a biomechanical study comparing cerclage wiring using a power tool with the traditional manual method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study consisted of 4 experimental arms based on the method of fixation and diameter of wires. The 4 arms were: 1) power tool method using 0.8 mm cerclage wires, 2) power tool method using 1.0 mm cerclage wires, 3) conventional manual method...

BACKGROUND About half of the orthodontists recycle and reuse orthodontic wires because of their costs. So when talking about reuse and sterilization of wires, their effects on mechanical properties of wires should be clarified. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sterilization and clinical use on mechanical properties of stainless steel wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty s...

E lectrical wires transport energy and information and often both. For example, electrical power cords deliver electrical energy from wall outlets to computers, whereas Ethernet cable transports information in the form of electrical pulses from the internet modem to the computer and back. USB cables are used to both charge the battery of MP3 players and to load digital music on the player. Desp...