Influenza A virus is the major cause of seasonal or pandemic flu worldwide. Two main treatment strategies-vaccination and small molecule anti-influenza drugs are currently available. As an effective vaccine usually takes at least 6 months to develop, anti-influenza small molecule drugs are more effective for the first line of protection against the virus during an epidemic outbreak, especially ...

BACKGROUND Serum antibody to the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses is a correlate and predictor of immunity to influenza in humans; the relative values of other correlates are uncertain. METHODS Serum and nasal secretions (NS) were collected in fall and spring of 2009-2011 from healthy adults who were monitored for acute respiratory illness (ARI). Serum samples were tested for hemagglut...

Laggera pterodonta (DC.) Benth. is a traditional Chinese medicine. The previous study revealed that the crude extracts of this herb could inhibit influenza virus infection, but its anti-influenza components and underlying mechanism of action remain unknown. Column chromatography was performed to isolate components from the plant. Activity against influenza virus of the compound was determined b...

During an inflammatory response, neutrophils migrate to the site of infection where they can kill invading pathogens by phagocytosis, secretion of anti-microbicidal mediators or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are specialized anti-microbial structures comprised of decondensed chromatin decorated with microbicidal agents. Increased amount of NETs have been found in pat...

Influenza virus is a seasonal respiratory pathogen that produces global pandemics by genome reassortments. This rapid evolution creates difficulty in producing vaccines. Although several anti-influenza drugs have been developed, acquisition of drug resistance viruses common. Therefore, it important to develop novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. In this study, we evaluated the antivir...

Respiratory pathogens such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe lung infections leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathophysiology of ARDS includes an excessive host immune response, epithelial endothelial cell death loss the barrier integrity, culminating in pulmonary oedema failure. Traditional approaches for treatment include drugs that exert direct anti-patho...

Influenza A virus is a negative RNA stranded virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae, and represents a major public health threat, compounding existing disease conditions. Influenza A virus replicates rapidly within its host and the segmented nature of its genome facilitates re-assortment, whereby whole genes are exchanged between influenza virus subtypes during replication. Antiviral medications ...

Influenza is a ssRNA virus that has been responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality; however, the innate immunological mechanisms that drive the adaptive anti-influenza immune response in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns, induce dendritic cell maturation, and consequently...

Abstract Background In spite of efforts to control avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) over decades, circulation the viral causative agents among domestic feral birds is considered implicated factors for intermittent outbreaks AI ND domesticated as well commercial poultry flocks in Nigeria. this study, sera from (Japanese quails) peri-domestic including laughing dove village weavers...