BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised about the risk of fractures with acid-suppressive medications, such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine(2)-receptor antagonists. METHODS This meta-analysis evaluated the association between proton pump inhibitor or histamine(2)-receptor antagonist use and fractures. We performed a systematic search of published literature (1970 to October 10, 2010) in ...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that develops after a psychological trauma usually caused by a situation perceived as deeply threatening to a person's life or integrity. Complex neurobiological changes triggered by such a traumatic and stressful experience may explain a wide range of PTSD symptoms and provide the rationale for psychopharmacological treatment. Sele...

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade is aberrantly activated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but not in normal lung epithelial cells, suggesting that blocking BMP signaling may be an effective therapeutic approach for lung cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that some BMP antagonists, which bind to extracellular BMP ligands and prevent their association with BMP ...

Novel drug delivery systems for controlled-release of opioid agonists as a long time painkillers or opioid antagonists for opium, heroin, and alcohol addiction are under development or in clinical use today. In this article, the field of “new drug delivery systems” is momentarily reviewed from the viewpoint of the marketed opioid agonists/antagonists dosage forms today.

abstract a total of 270 bacillus strains were isolated from bulk soil and rhizospheric of cucumber in the tonekabon fields (mazandaran province). antifungal activity of bacillus strains was evaluated against pythium aphanidermatum and p. ultimum using dual culture method. 13 strains with more than 10 mm inhibition zone were selected for further study. morphological, physiological, biochemical a...

Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin and phenprocoumon, are the first-line oral anticoagulants for primary and secondary prevention of cerebral embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Although vitamin K antagonists can significantly decrease the risk of stroke, their use is limited by several important drawbacks, such as a narrow therapeutic window, the risk of intracranial and gastro...

Medical therapy for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has advanced significantly in the last 2 decades. Many new α1 antagonists and 5α reductase inhibitors (5ARi) are now commercially available. The practicing urologist must decide on the most appropriate medication for his patients, taking into consideration various factors like efficacy, dosing regime, adverse effects, cost, patient...

Biological activity of a synthetic peptide with inhibin-like activity under in vitro and in vivo conditions was compared with three highly potent synthetic lutropin-releasing hormone antagonists. Unlike the synthetic lutropin-releasing hormone antagonists, which effectively inhibited both lutropin and follitropin secretion from the pituitary, the inhibin-like peptide showed a preferential effec...

The involvement of Ca2+ in the mechanism of the purgative action of rhein anthrone was studied. Among individual or combination pretreatments with calcium channel blockers, calmodulin antagonists and prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitors, the combination of indomethacin and nifedipine completely blocked the diarrhoea induced by rhein anthrone and also inhibited its effects on colonic fluid and ...

Numerous neurotransmitter systems [e.g. dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the endogenous opioids, and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)] are involved in the regulation of alcohol consumption. Because 5-HT reuptake inhibitors and opioid antagonists modify the activity of neurotransmitters, it has been hypothesized that they may also mediate the desire to drink alcohol by acting on sp...