Perhaps the most extraordinary surviving relic from the ancient Greek world is a device containing over thirty gear wheels dating from the late 2nd century B.C., and now known as the Antikythera Mechanism. This device is an order of magnitude more complicated than any surviving mechanism from the following millennium, and there is no known precursor. It is clear from its structure and inscripti...

Greek is one of the most thoroughly studied languages there is, rivalling perhaps only English and Chinese in this regard, and there is an enormous scholarly literature covering all aspects of its grammar and use. Moreover, Greek itself is like a laboratory for historical linguistics, inasmuch as the recorded history of Greek spans some 3500 years, from Mycenaean Greek of the Bronze Age to the ...

In the first half of the third century B.C, two Greeks, Herophilus of Chalcedon and his younger contemporary Erasistratus of Ceos, became the first and last ancient scientists to perform systematic dissections of human cadavers. In all probability, they also conducted vivisections of condemned criminals. Their anatomical and physiological discoveries were extraordinary. The uniqueness of these ...

arsacid monarchy as the third iranian dynasty played an important role in the ancient era for five centuries. however, due to the inadequacy of written documents from that era, coins are considered precious sources for us to identify the political, historical, cultural, artistic, and religious views and ideas of that time, i.e. arsacid kings. concerning the similarities between the employed sym...

The history of physical education shows sport and medicine to have a long-standing and close relationship (Dixon et al. 1957). Indeed, if one takes into account the participation of doctors of medicine on national teams and the sporting reputations of some hospitals and medical faculties, a sympathy for sport seems to be almost a tradition of the medical profession. Perhaps the association of h...

This paper describes the development, composition, and several uses of the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebanks, large collections of Classical texts in which the syntactic, morphological and lexical information for each word is made explicit. To date, over 200 individuals from around the world have collaborated to annotate over 350,000 words, including the entirety of Homer’s Iliad and...

the “human mud” is one of the motifs of the poetry attributed to khayyam. the imagery, concepts and philosophical thoughts about the human being's origin (creation, death, life after death) form the essence of this poetry. are the khayyam's quatrains about creation original and new? or do they have a precedent in the ancient world poetry? why does the iranian literary criticism claim that this ...

In this paper the Indian Buddhist logic of the Middle Ages is connected to methodological aspects of logic, especially to the idea that logic can serve as an organon, e. g., as a tool for discovering novelties. Research on this idea can be characterized by questions like “Is there a logic of invention?”, “What is the role, if any, of deductive logic in creative processes?”, “What is the role of...

"Acromion" is one of many anatomical terms derived from ancient Greek: it is a transliteration of the Greek word dxp ptov (akromion). For the modern anatomist "acromion" has a precise meaning: "The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder."' For the ancient Greek writers after Hippocrates, however, the meaning of ezicpd'ltov was a matter of doubt ...

Despite its appearing to be a simple question to answer, there has been no consensus as to whether or not the alignments of ancient Greek temples reflect astronomical intentions. Here I present the results of a survey of archaic and classical Greek temples in Sicily and compare them with temples in Greece. Using a binomial test I show strong evidence that there is a preference for solar orienta...