This study is to explore effects of nitrogen application and straw incorporation on abundance of relevant microbes and CH 4 and N2O fluxes in a midseason aerated rice paddy field. Fluxes of CH 4 and N2O were recorded, and abundance of relevant soil microbial functional genes was determined during rice-growing season in a 6-year-long fertilization experiment field in China. Results indicate that...

Clostridium oryzae was originally isolated from the soil of a Japanese rice field. C. oryzae represents a novel species within the genus Clostridium and is associated with anaerobic rice straw degradation. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of C. oryzae DSM 28571 (5.076 Mbp), containing 4,590 predicted protein-coding genes.

Sankat, C.K. and Lauckner, B. 1991. The effect of ammonia treat ment on the digestibility of rice straw under various process conditions. Can.Agric. Eng.33:309-313.Rice straw was treatedwith aqueous NH3 at 2,4, 6 and8% of strawdry matter(DM)such that the final measured moisture content was 21% (wet basis) and samples at each level of ammoniation wereheldunderambient (30°C) conditions for 7, 14,...

The proportion of the leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem fractions in six rice straw varieties averaged 30, 40 and 30%, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of these fractions, estimated by the cellulase-neutral detergent solution procedure, was 503, 513 and 610 g/kg, respectively. The lower IVD of the blade and sheath was due to lower degradation parameters estimated by a simple...

Rice is an important food grain crop and is consumed by majority of the human population. Nutrient management is an important aspect in rice to be given pivotal importance so as to attain sustainability of grain yield production. In the present chapter, aspects’ relating to integrated nutrient management in rice is critically reviewed. The effects of integrating chemical fertilizers with organi...

Residue management in cropping systems is believed to improve soil quality. However, the effects of residue management on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from paddy field in Southern China have not been well researched. The emissions of CH4 and N2O were investigated in double cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems with straw returning of different winter cover crops by using th...

BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is a group of recently identified proteins that catalyze oxidative cleavage of the glycosidic linkages of cellulose and other polysaccharides. By utilizing the oxidative mode of action, LPMOs are able to enhance the efficiency of cellulase in the hydrolysis of cellulose. Particularly, auxiliary activity family 9 (AA9) is a group of fungal LPM...

Conservation tillage is an energy efficient and low cost tillage system to improve soil environment compared with conventional tillage systems. However, the rice residue management becomes an "impossible to achieve" task due to high soil moisture content at harvest time and the thickness of rice straw. Disc type furrow openers are used for both seed drilling as well as straw cutting during no t...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major food crops in many countries. As the cultivation of rice requires huge volume of water, long term use of arsenic contaminated groundwater for irrigation may result in the increase of arsenic concentration in the agricultural soil and eventually accumulation in rice plants. Thus a micro level study was conducted to investigate the transfer of arsenic fr...

BACKGROUND Rice straw has shown to be a promising agricultural by-product in the bioconversion of biomass to value-added products. Hydrolysis of cellulose, a main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, is a requirement for fermentable sugar production and its subsequent bioconversion to biofuels such as biobutanol. The high cost of commercial enzymes is a major impediment to the industrial app...