The microstructure morphologies and oxide distribution of copper bonded wafers were examined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS). Cu wafers exhibit good bond properties when wafer contact occurs at 400°C/4000 mbar for 30 min, followed by an anneal at 400°C for 30 min in N2 ambient atmosphere. The distribution of different defects showed th...

An experimental system for serial femtosecond crystallography using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) has been developed. It basically consists of a sample chamber, fluid injectors and a two-dimensional detector. The chamber and the injectors are operated under helium atmosphere at 1 atm. The ambient pressure operation facilitates applications to fluid samples. Three kinds of injectors are em...

The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on the Mental and Verbal A bility of Stroke Patients • Based upon the assumption that oxygen under increased atmospheric pressure (OHP) might improve the verbal and mental function of patients who had suffered vascular infarcts, 32 stroke patients were exposed to such an ambient atmosphere and tested under controlled conditions. The results make it clear that a s...

This paper attempts a Monte-Carlo study of the vapor-phase evolution of sulfuric acid molecules under clustering and evaporation of monomer. These species are treated in the paper as spheres with initial monomer size of 0.15nm and nucleation rate derived from the formation of clusters at 0.85nm. It is not clear what the critical nucleation cluster size is, but it is presumably smaller than 0.85...

Arsenic is present in all copper, lead, and zinc sulfide ores and is carried along with those metals in the mining, milling and concentrating process. Separation, final concentration and refining of by-product arsenic as the trioxide is achieved at smelters. Arsenic is the essential consistent element of many compounds important and widely used in agriculture and wood preservation. Lesser amoun...

An efficient and practical protocol for palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative arylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylic acids with aryl chlorides has been developed. Note that the reaction could proceed smoothly without an additive in aqueous medium under an ambient atmosphere, and the addition of H2O could effectively promote the decarboxylative arylation. Particularly noteworthy is that ...

Because of the importance of the absorption cross-sections of ozone in the atmosphere. we give a new set of data at ambient temperature for the whole spectral region within the 195-345 nm range. Two new methods have been investigated for the experiments to measure the ozone pressures. Our results are compared with all of the previous data. The agreement between the more recent works is relative...

We present x-ray diffraction experiments and multiple-scattering calculations on the structure and transport properties of a Fe/MgO/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Coherent growth of the top Fe electrode on the MgO spacer is observed only for Fe deposition in ambient oxygen atmosphere leading to a coherent and symmetric MTJ structure characterized by FeO layers at both interfaces. This ...

Pt/graphene composites were synthesized by loading platinum nanoparticles onto graphene and etched at 1000 °C in a hydrogen atmosphere. This results in the formation of a dense array of nanostructured defect sites in the graphene, including trenches, nanoribbons, islands, and holes. These defect sites result in an increase in the number of unsaturated carbon atoms and, consequently, enhance the...

This paper discusses the method of establishing that no hazard of increased intra-ocular pressure is incurred from the elevated carbon dioxide content of the sealed submarine atmosphere. The reasons for suspecting a possible intra-ocular pressure rise under such conditions are presented. The serial tonometry readings, both under control conditions and at elevated ambient carbon dioxide levels w...