One of the central questions about conceptual combinations is what happens to constituent concepts that are combined into a complex concept. Different types of conceptual combinations have been distinguished: adjective– noun combinations, such as sour wine (see, e. In adjective–noun and noun– noun combinations, a considerable ambiguity may be present, in that a variety of relations can be impli...

1 Focus and anaphoric destressing Consider a pronunciation of (1) with prominence on the capitalized noun phrases. In terms of a relational notion of prominence, the subject NP she] is prominent within the clause S she beats me], and NP Sue] is prominent within the clause S Sue beats me]. This prosody seems to have the pragmatic function of putting the two clauses into opposition, with prominen...

When multiple adjectives are used to modify a noun, they tend to be sequenced in the following way according to semantic class: value > size > dimension > various physical properties > color. To investigate the neural substrates of these semantic constraints on adjective order, we administered a battery of three tests to 34 brain-damaged patients and 19 healthy participants. Six patients manife...

Lexicon and specific anthropological linguistics reveal the cultural description of Gorontalo people in gara'i through lingual codes. The method used is descriptive qualitative, namely all research data form words, phrases, clauses, sentences. results discussion found: (a) out 30 gara`i there are 16 noun lexicons, 20 verbs containing information constructed by morphophonemic processes omission,...

A robust result in research on the production of grammatical agreement is that speakers are more likely to produce an erroneous verb with phrases such as the key to the cabinets, with a singular noun followed by a plural one, than with phrases such as the keys to the cabinet, where a plural noun is followed by a singular. These asymmetries are thought to reflect core language production process...

We investigate the question whether an explicit feature representation for morphological features is necessary when parsing German with a fully lexicalized, statistical dependency parser. We use two morphosyntactic phenomena of German to show that while lexicalization does indeed suffice to a large extent when recovering the internal structure of noun phrases, an accurate explicit representatio...

Biproduct dagger categories serve as models for natural language. In particular, the biproduct dagger category of finite dimensional vector spaces over the field of real numbers accommodates both the extensional models of predicate calculus and the intensional models of quantum logic. The morphisms representing the extensional meanings of a grammatical string are translated to morphisms represe...

Communication in general requires a process for (a) producing an optimal form given a certain meaning, and recovering that meaning given the optimal form, and (b) arriving at an optimal interpretation given a certain form, and reproducing that form given the optimal interpretation (Blutner et al. 2006). Hence, optimal communication involves more than the sum of two unidirectional processes of o...