UNLABELLED Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important issue in the management of acute cardiovascular diseases. The risk, injury, failure, loss of kidney function, and end-stage renal failure (RIFLE) criteria, and acute kidney injury network (AKIN) criteria have been proposed to stage and predict the outcomes of patients with AKI. In this article, we review AKI in the context of a variety of acu...

Objective: To evaluate a mathematical model to study the dynamics of renal failure in patients with acute kidney injury. Methods: A mathematical model was applied to simulate the “dynamic path of renal lesion” in patients with acute kidney injury. results: The dynamics of glomerular filtration rate was simulated with the real data of a patient attended at the Intensive Care Unit. conclusions: T...

Bax and Bak, two pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, have been implicated in acute kidney injury following renal ischemia/reperfusion; however, definitive evidence for a role of these genes in the disease process is lacking. Here we first examined two Bax-deficient mouse models and found that only conditional Bax deletion specifically from proximal tubules could ameliorate ischemic acute kidne...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The worldwide incidence of acute kidney injury is poorly known because of underreporting, regional disparities, and differences in definition and case mix. New definitions call for revision of the problem with unified criteria. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This article reports on the research recommendations of an international multidisciplinary comm...

PURPOSE Among kidney transplant recipients with acute kidney injury, the differential diagnosis must be broadened to include conditions such as rejection, immunocompromised host infections, anatomic pathologies, and recurrent or de novo glomerular diseases. In this case report, we describe an unusual cause of acute renal allograft injury due to external compression of the allograft ureter. ME...

Renal ischemia produces renal sympathoexcitation that is responsible for the development of ischemic acute kidney injury. The present study examined changes in the sympathetic nerve function in mice. Ischemic acute kidney injury was induced by occlusion of both renal pedicles. Renal ischemia/reperfusion increased blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, ...

BACKGROUND Acute tubular necrosis and pigment induced kidney injury are well described consequences of cocaine abuse. However, acute interstitial nephritis associated with cocaine use has been previously reported in only three patients. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 49-year-old man who developed acute kidney injury from biopsy-proven interstitial nephritis after nasal insufflatio...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine whether intravenous contrast administration for computed tomography (CT) is independently associated with increased risk for acute kidney injury and adverse clinical outcomes. METHODS This single-center retrospective cohort analysis was performed in a large, urban, academic emergency department with an average census of 62,179 visits per ye...

Acute renal damage mainly develops following toxic or ischemic insults and is defined as acute. These damages have largely been attributed to oxidative stress. Recently much attention has been directed toward decreased renal tubular cell regeneration during tubular cell injury. Antioxidants have recently been the focus of researchers and scientists for prevention and treatment of various oxidat...

CLASSIC ANIMAL MODELS of critical illness have focused on injury of a single end-organ, with the goal of better understanding and attenuating that injury, and ultimately developing novel disease-focused therapies. For example, acute lung injury (ALI) can be induced in animal models by administration of endotoxin or hydrochloric acid, exposure to hyperoxic conditions, and the use of injurious, h...