The process of how knowledge is acquired and formulated in knowledge-intensive AI is difficult for a student to grasp without practical experience. Often, AI text books and lecture notes contain examples of logic formula or structured knowledge representations which are well refined and bug free. These polished examples are then used to show reasoning mechanisms or the execution of AI search me...

In this paper, we employ the fuzzy repertory table technique to acquire the necessary domain knowledge for software agents to act as sellers and buyers using a bilateral, multi-issue negotiation model that can achieve optimal results in semi-competitive environments. In this context, the seller’s domain knowledge that needs to be acquired is the rewards associated with the products and restrict...

In this paper, a framework for acquiring common sense knowledge from the Web is presented. Common sense knowledge includes information about the world that humans use in their everyday lives. To acquire this knowledge, relationships between nouns are retrieved by using search phrases with automatically filled constituents. Through empirical analysis of the acquired nouns over WordNet, probabili...

methods and principles used in education come from diverse foundations. this paper aims at examining philosophical and psychological foundations of education based on two similar views from the west and the east: the illuminationist philosophy of suhrawardi and phenomenology of husserl. questions of the research deal with philosophical and psychological foundations of education from the standpo...

Knowledge acquisition is a key phase in construction of expert systems. This process is very much dependent on the nature of the domain knowledge. In particular, knowledge acquisition is a tedious task when modeling domains with tacit knowledge. Despite fuzzy logic has been used for knowledge acquisition in such domains, a large portion of the process is manually operated. This paper presents a...

The growing complexity of contemporary engineering designs requires the use of sophisticated computer-based design tools. Such tools increase productivity in drafting, configuration and calculations. However, the current generation of design tools plays a rather passive role in the whole design process. Recent progress in engineering design, machine learning and knowledge acquisition allows the...

A goal of second-generation expert systems is to supply knowledge engineers with common frameworks to develop expert systems, thus, eliminating the need to build entirely new systems for each application. A mechanism is a unit of problem-solving knowledge from which such a framework can be developed. We define what a mechanism is and how it can be engineered to compose models of problem solving...

conclusions knowledge, attitude and performance of the communication skills of health staff are improper and it would lead to not using the communication skills to establish perfect communication with patients, so it seems that it is necessary to make the training courses during the service for health staff about communication skills and observing on performing the acquired skills. patients and...

This paper presents a method for improving semantic role labeling (SRL) using a large amount of automatically acquired knowledge. We acquire two varieties of knowledge, which we call surface case frames and deep case frames. Although the surface case frames are compiled from syntactic parses and can be used as rich syntactic knowledge, they have limited capability for resolving semantic ambigui...

Invention activities are structured tasks in which students create mathematical methods that attempt to capture deep properties of data (e.g., variability), prior to receiving instruction on canonical methods (e.g., mean deviation). While experiments have demonstrated the learning benefits of invention activities, the mechanisms of transfer remain unknown. We address this question by evaluating...