Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) is a membrane-bound receptor expressed by microglia and macrophages. Engagement of TREM-2 on these cells has been reported to reduce inflammatory responses and, in microglial cells, to promote phagocytosis. TREM-2 function is critical within the CNS, as its genetic deficiency in humans causes neurodegeneration with myelin and axonal loss...

Intrathecal IgG synthesis (IT IgG Syn) is an established biomarker used for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Earlier studies used this biomarker to assess the impact of 2 different synthetic forms of interferon alpha (IFN-α) in chronic progressive MS. Unexpectedly, IT IgG synthesis was increased by this treatment. For the first time, we have assessed this parameter in relapsing-remitti...

It is widely assumed that glatiramer acetate (GA), an approved agent for the immunomodulatory treatment of multiple sclerosis, acts primarily as an antigen for T lymphocytes. Recent studies, however, indicated that in vitro, GA directly inhibits dendritic cells, a rare but potent type of professional antigen-presenting cell (APC). To investigate whether these in vitro observations are relevant ...

Objective To assess olfactory function using the Connecticut test and verify correlations between olfactory alteration, disease duration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Methods One hundred MS patients and 100 healthy control patients responded to a questionnaire. Those with olfactory alteration underwent a facial CT to exclude other causes. Results Thirty-two percent of pat...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To find a relationship between M...

how to cite this article: inaloo s, haghbin s, moradi m, dashti h, safari n. acquired cns demyelinating syndrome in children referred to shiraz pediatric neurology ward. iran j child neurol. 2014 spring; 8(2):18-23. objective incidence of cns acquired demyelinating syndrome (ads), especially multiple sclerosis (ms) in children, appears to be on the rise worldwide. the objective of this study wa...

The macrophage markers non-specific esterase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme were compared with conventional microglial and macrophage stains in the human central nervous system. In a series of specimens from cases of head trauma, conventionally fixed and embedded, the modified Weil-Davenport stain was unequivocally best for demonstrating reactive microglia. alpha 1...

Investigating Alternative Splicing and Polyadenylation of the Interleukin 7 Receptor (IL7R) exon 6: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis by Irina Evsyukova Department of Biochemistry Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ Michael D. Been, Co-Supervisor ___________________________ G. Va...

Background: Tumor necrosis factor α, a proinflammatory cytokine, was found to play an important role with the clinical activity of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and the development of progression. Dysregulation in the expression of tumor necrosis factor gene had been suggested in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the relation between tumor ne...