This ten-year general circulation model experiment compared a simulation where land surface boundary conditions were represented by observed, present day land cover to a simulation where the surface was represented by natural, potential land cover conditions. As a result of these estimated changes in historical land cover, signi®cant temperature and hydrology changes a€ected tropical land surfa...

Precipitation amounts and patterns at high latitude sites have been predicted to change as a result of global climatic changes. We addressed vegetation responses to three years of experimentally increased summer precipitation in two previously unaddressed tundra types: Betula nana-dominated shrub tundra (northeast Siberia) and a dry Sphagnum fuscum-dominated bog (northern Sweden). Positive resp...

In our six box model (6BM) the Southern Ocean is represented by an Antarctic and a Subantarctic region. For simplicity, the lower (blue) circulation is represented entirely by mixing between the Antarctic surface waters (box a) and the deep ocean (box d), Mixad. The upper (red) circulation is represented by upwelling in the Subantarctic region (box s) and the subsequent transport of water to th...

Ionospheric diurnal double-maxima (DDM) pattern is a special phenomenon of the ionosphere, which shows that ionospheric electron density/total content (TEC) presents two-peak structure during daytime. This paper uses Beidou geostationary (GEO) vertical total (VTEC) data from MGEX tracking stations in Asian-Australian area 2019 to 2020 study DDM phenomenon. The results show occurrence rate rough...

[1] We present nightside observations of tropospheric carbon monoxide in the southern hemisphere near the 35 km height level, the first from Venus Express/Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS)-M-IR. VIRTIS-M data from 2.18 to 2.50 mm, with a spectral resolution of 10 nm, were used in the analysis. Spectra were binned, with widths ranging from 5 to 30 spatial pixels, to incr...

We sought to determine if the global distribution of sea anemones (cnidarian order Actiniaria) conforms to the classic pattern of biogeography--taxon richness at the equator with attenuation toward the poles--a pattern that is derived almost entirely from data on terrestrial plants and animals. We plotted the empirical distribution of species occurrences in 10° bands of latitude based on publis...

In the Northern Hemisphere, many species have been reported to greater genetic diversity in southern populations than northern — ostensibly due migration northward following last glacial maximum. The generality of this pattern, while well-established for some taxa, remains unclear North American trees. To address issue, I collected published population genetics data 73 tree and tested whether w...

Based on 2760 well-defined substorm onsets in the Northern Hemisphere and 1432 in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the FUV Imager on board the IMAGE spacecraft, a detailed statistical study is performed including both auroral regions. This study focuses on the hemispheric comparisons. Southward pointing interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is favorable for substorm to occur, but still 30% of ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Poor vitamin D status during pregnancy has been associated with unfavorable outcomes for mother and child. Thus, adequate vitamin D status in women of childbearing age may be important. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentrations in women of childbearing age living in Sweden, at latitude 57-58° north. ...

The Ellenburger Group of the West Texas Permian Basin is part of a Lower Ordovician carbonate platform sequence that covers a large area of the United States. During the Early Ordovician, the Permian Basin area was located on the southwest edge of the Laurentia plate between 20° and 30° latitude. The equator crossed northern Canada, situating Texas in a tropical to subtropical latitude. The are...