Policies regarding maintaining domestic energy costs have been a menacing problem politically and economically within the Arab countries, as well as within other parts of the world. Many objectives have been put forward to assist with energy conservation. Of these objectives, there have been discussions about expanding residents access to energy sources, which will protect income strapped house...

• Using DD we study the effect of a recent childcare reform on female labour supply. • The effect on the participation rate is +3.0%, and on hours worked +6.2%. • The reform was rather costly, 90 thousand euro per additional FTE. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o After the introduction of the Law on Childcare in 2005, childcare subsidies in the Netherlands became much more generous. Public ...

Understanding who benefits from fuel price subsidies and the welfare impact of increasing fuel prices is key to designing, and gaining public support for, subsidy reform. This paper updates evidence for developing countries on the magnitude of the welfare impact of subsidy reform and its distribution across income groups, incorporating more recent studies and expanding the number of countries. ...

Dissatisfaction with the U.S. health care system is widespread, but no consensus has emerged as to how to reform it. The principal methods of finance-employer-based insurance, means-tested insurance, and Medicare-are deeply and irreparably flawed. Policymakers confront two fundamental questions: Should reform be incremental or comprehensive? And should priority be given to reforming the financi...

We model the labor market impact of the key provisions of the national and Massachusetts "mandate-based" health reforms: individual mandates, employer mandates, and subsidies. We characterize the compensating differential for employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI) and the welfare impact of reform in terms of "sufficient statistics." We compare welfare under mandate-based reform to welfare i...

CAP subsidies and productivity of the EU farms Marian Rizov, Jan Pokrivcak and Pavel Ciaian 1 [Original submitted June 2012, Revision received March 2013, Accepted May 2013] Abstract The paper investigates the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies on farm total factor productivity (TFP) in the European Union (EU). We employ a structural semiparametric estimation algorithm dir...

the purpose of this study, determining the optimal cultivation pattern by using interval mathematical programming approach among the farmers of esfarayen county before and after targeting the subsidies. for this purpose, farmers based on water resources classified in three group of using the river water, deep wells water and rainfed cultivation. the required data for this study has been obtaine...

This paper explores the links between international trade theory and the practice of trade and industrial policy in open economies, with special attention to three areas where theoretical lessons have been misunderstood in policy debates. I argue that the ‘concertina rule’ for tariff reform justifies reductions in high tariffs, but not moves towards uniformity, and particularly not increases in...