AIMS The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of our knowledge of the neurobiological bases of addiction relevant for the diagnosis of addiction. METHODS A heuristic framework of neuroadaptive changes within key brain neurocircuitry responsible for different stages of the addiction cycle is outlined and linked to human studies to provide important future translational links for di...

this article reviewed the addictive substance programmes in iran and around the world. for this aim method, some of studies regarding epidemiology of substance abuse in iran and demographic characteristics of iranian substance abusers were reviewed. these studies revealed that although the rate of substance abuse in iran were increased but during different years it had fluctuated. also some unp...

Cognitive information processing alterations are observed in populations at risk for drug abuse and in patients whose psychiatric disorders are often comorbid with drug abuse and dependence. A common early information processing deficit in these at-risk populations is hypothesized. The hypo-thesis is that the severity of this deficit or changes in this deficit produced by stimulants will be rel...

Substance ~buse and antisocial personality diagnoses such as psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder (ASP) each exhibit genetic underpinnings and share prominent comorbidity (Devor and Cloninger 1989; Crowe 1974; Schulsinger 1977; Smith and Newraan 1990). Thus, shared underlying genetic factors may contribute to ~he pathogenesis of both disorders (e.g., Gorenstein and Newman 1980). Lhlka...

BACKGROUND Many studies have found an association between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults. We intended to determine whether substance abuse and SUDs are associated with former and current ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample of 17 and 18 year old males. METHOD A representative sample of 3280 young m...

Substance abuse is the unrestrained and detrimental use of psychoactive chemical substances, unauthorized drugs, alcohol. Continuous these substances can ultimately lead a human to disastrous consequences. As patients display high rate relapse, prevention at an early stage be effective restraint. We therefore propose binary classifier identify any individual’s present vulnerability towards subs...