nowadays, automakers have invested in new technologies in order to improve the efficiency of their products. giant automakers have taken an important step toward achieving this objective by designing continuously variable transmission systems (cvt) to continuously adapt the power of the engine with the external load according to the optimum efficiency curve of engine and reducing fuel consumpti...

Many constructs developmental scientists study cannot be directly observed. In such cases, scales are created that reflect the construct of interest. Observed behaviors are taken as manifestations of an unobserved common cause. As crucial as measurement is to understanding many psychological phenomenon, it is perhaps even more important when the goal of research is to understand how a construct...

Nowadays, automakers have invested in new technologies in order to improve the efficiency of their products. Giant automakers have taken an important step toward achieving this objective by designing continuously variable transmission systems (CVT) to continuously adapt the power of the engine with the external load according to the optimum efficiency curve of e...

Predictive State Representations (PSRs) [10] are a model for a discrete-time finite action and observation stochastic systems, presented as an alternative to HMMs and POMDPs. A PSR represents the system’s state as a set of predictions of the observable outcomes of tests performed in the system. Unlike hidden variable models no latent variables are assumed or required – only observable outcomes ...

In this paper a nonparametric latent variable model is estimated without specifying the underlying distributions. The main idea is to estimate in a first step a common factor analysis model under the assumption that each manifest variable is influenced by at most one of the latent variables. In a second step nonparametric regression is used to analyze the relation between the latent variables. ...

The retina is a complex nervous system which encodes visual stimuli before higher order processing occurs in the visual cortex. In this study we evaluated whether information about the stimuli received by the retina can be retrieved from the firing rate distribution of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), exploiting High-Density 64x64 MEA technology. To this end, we modeled the RGC population activit...

In this paper, we propose more flexible applicability conditions for the folding rule that increase the power of existing unfold/fold systems for normal logic programs. Our generalized folding rule enables new transformation sequences that, in particular, are suitable for recursion introduction and local variable elimination. We provide some illustrative examples and give a detailed proof of co...

Interesting equalities have recently been discovered about latent tree models. They relate distributions of two or three observed variables with joint distributions of four or more observed variables, and with model parameters that depend on latent variables. The equations are derived by using matrix and tensor decompositions. This paper sheds new light on the equalities by offering an alternat...

In previous work, we have developed a principled way of learning the causal structure of linear latent variable models (Silva et al., 2006). However, we have considered the case for models with pure measures only. Pure measures are observed variables that measure no more than one latent variable. This paper presents theoretical extensions that justify the selection of some types of impure measu...