BACKGROUND Vapocoolant sprays are commonly used to minimize pain following minor interventions such as venipuncture, shave biopsy or needle insertion. Although these sprays have been widely used in clinical practice, little is known about their effect on microcirculation or cutaneous blood flow. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the real-time effect of a topical vapocoolant using a well-established, rat ...

Background. Untreated immunization pain causes undue distress and contributes to underimmunization through physician, and possibly parental, resistance to multiple simultaneous injections. Objective. To compare the efficacies of two pain management methods in reducing immediate immunization injection pain and distress in school-aged children. Design. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of e...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the use of a vapocoolant blend of pentafluoropropane and tetrafluoroethane (Gebauer's Spray and Stretch) on hip flexion stretching. METHODS Thirty volunteers were randomly assigned to spray and stretch treatment and stretch only control groups. Each group was assessed pre- and posttest on passive and active hip flexion range o...

Introduction: Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation are routine procedures in emergency department (ED) admissions. Vapocoolant sprays have a potential advantage over other topical agents.We aimed to see how effective vapocoolant spray was reducing pain during versus control group this study. Materials and Methods: This is prospective, randomized study consisting of patients who were admitted...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vapocoolant for preschoolers’ immunization injection pain relief. STUDY DESIGN: 57 4to 6-year-old children were randomized to vapocoolant alone or typical care conditions. Pain was measured at baseline and at injection via self-report, caregiver-report, nurse-report, and an observational scale. RESULTS: Self-repor...

Background: Intravenous cannulation is a prerequisite before any major or minor surgical procedures. Objectives: The rationale of the study was to compare effectiveness eutectic mixtures local anesthetics (EMLA) cream and vapocoolant spray for pain reduction during intravenous (I.V.) cannulation. Methods: This observational prospective cohort done on 140 patients requiring I.V. prior elective p...