TNFα is an inflammatory cytokine and the caspase and apoptotic processes can be activated by TNFα There are two classes of TNFα (solTNF and tmTNFα) which are important from the receptor aspect, so that solTNFα and tmTNFα can attach to the TNFR1, but tmTNFα just attaches to the TNFR2. Microglia cells are resident immune cells of the central nervous ...

TNF-R55 is the main receptor mediating TNF-induced cytotoxicity. However, in some cells TNF-R75 also signals cell death. In PC60 cells, the presence of both receptor types is required to induce apoptosis following either specific TNF-R55 or TNF-R75 triggering, pointing to a mechanism of receptor cooperation. In this study, we extend previous observations and show that TNF-R55 and TNF-R75 cooper...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory condition. Serum levels of inflammatory markers may serve as measures of the severity of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. We sought to determine whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF receptor levels are associated with carotid plaque thickness. METHODS The Northern Manhattan Stroke Stu...

Necroptosis, as a novel concept, has been recently introduced in scientific literature. Much of our knowledge about necroptosis comes from ligation of tumor necrosis factor-α to its receptor, TNF receptor 1. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and its substrate, the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, have been comprehensively st...

125I-labeled TNF(LuKII) (tumor necrosis factor) binds specifically to human and mouse cell lines sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of TNF, but not to cells made resistant to TNF. TNF-sensitive cells have cell surface receptors with a high affinity for TNF(LuKII). Mouse TNF competes with TNF(LuKII) for receptor binding. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded linear plots and suggests tha...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) alpha are structurally and functionally related cytokines. We expressed the TNF and LT-alpha genes in murine fibrosarcoma L929r2 cells, which can be sensitized to TNF/LT-alpha-dependent necrosis by inhibitors of transcription or translation. Autocrine production of murine TNF in L929r2 cells completely downmodulated the expression of the 55- and ...