Objective: Restenosis following angioplasty involves processes that may be influenced by local production of cytokines. We investigated the expression of active and total transforming growth factor b (TGFb) following porcine coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and have correlated this with the expression of potential in vivo activators of TGFb: mannose-6-phosphate / insulin-like growth factor-II (M6P/...

Purpose: To determine whether inhibition of TGFb signaling prior to irradiation sensitizes human and murine cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: TGFb-mediated growth and Smad phosphorylation of MCF7, Hs578T, MDAMB-231, and T47D human breast cancer cell lines were examined and correlated with clonogenic survival following graded radiation doses with and without pretreatment wi...

Purpose: To determine whether inhibition of TGFb signaling prior to irradiation sensitizes human and murine cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Design: TGFb-mediated growth and Smad phosphorylation of MCF7, Hs578T, MDAMB-231, and T47D human breast cancer cell lines were examined and correlated with clonogenic survival following graded radiation doses with and without pretreatment wi...

ated, and in this configuration TGFb is unable to bind University of California, San Francisco to its receptors; that is, TGFb is latent. In most cases, San Francisco, California 94143-0854 the complex of LAP and TGFb (the small latent complex 5 Department of Medicine SLC) is joined by latent TGFb binding protein 1 (LTBP1), 6 Cell Biology and Kaplan Cancer Center a matrix protein with sequence ...

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a multifunctional intercellular phospholipid mediator present in blood and other biological fluids. In cancer cells, LPA stimulates expression or activity of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and other oncogenic proteins. In this study, we showed that LPA upregulated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in TG...

Transforming Growth Factor b (TGFb) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that inhibits pro-inflammatory functions of T cells, and is a major contributor to abrogating TH1 and cytotoxic T cell activity against tumors. While canonical signal transduction through effector Smads has been well-defined as a requirement for TGFb-mediated inhibition of T cells, essential non-canonical pathways have not, to...

TGFb signaling plays a major role in the reorganization of liver tissue upon injury and is an important driver of chronic liver disease. This is achieved by a deep impact on a cohort of cellular functions. To comprehensively assess the full range of affected metabolic functions, transcript changes of cultured mouse hepatocytes were analyzed with a novel method (ModeScore), which predicts the ac...

The transforming growth factor b (TGFb) signalling pathway plays a central role during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. It regulates gene transcription through a signalling cascade from cell surface receptors to intracellular SMAD transcription factors and their nuclear cofactors. The extent, duration and potency of signalling in response to TGFb cytokines are intricately ...

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) occurs during development and underlies the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. In tumors, unscheduled EndMT generates cancer-associated myofibroblasts that fuel inflammation and fibrosis, and may contribute to vascular dysfunction that promotes tumor progression. We report that freshly isolated subpopulations of tumor-specific endothelial cells (...

TGFb 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver disease. The high frequency of detection of the hepatitis B virus X (HBx) antigen in liver cells from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer suggested that expression of HBx and TGFb 1 may be associated. To test this possibility, we examined the expression of TGFb 1 in the liver of transgenic mice expressing the HBx g...