The septic shock that occurs in gram-negative infections is caused by a cascade of inflammatory cytokines. Several studies showed that transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) inhibits this septic shock through suppression of expression of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated whether TGF-b1 inhibition of LPS-induced expression of inflammatory...

TGF-b and its signaling pathways are importantmediators in the suppression of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. TGF-b is released from cells in a latent complex consisting of TGF-b, the TGF-b propeptide [latency associated protein (LAP)], and a latent TGF-b binding protein (LTBP).We previously generatedmice in which the LTBP-binding cysteine residues in LAP TGF-b1 were mutated to serine pr...

Chang, Nan-Shan. Hyaluronidase enhancement of TNFmediated cell death is reversed by TGF-b1. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C1987–C1994, 1997.—Both hyaluronidase and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 play a significant role in the development of prostate cancer. In this study, the regulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell death by hyaluronidase and TGF-b1 was investigate...

Biopsies from volunteers challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum were examined for transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1). None of the prechallenge biopsies exhibited TGF-b. Seven of 12 volunteers with oocyst shedding expressed TGF-b versus 2 of 13 volunteers without detected oocysts. The association of TGF-b expression with oocyst excretion and the timing of symptoms suggests that TGF-b mediate...

We previously reported that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces inflammatory changes (monocyte infiltration, myofibroblast formation, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and transforming growth factor-b1 [TGF-b1] expression) in the rat heart and vessel. There is debate regarding whether TGF-b1 exhibits proinflammator...

Draude, Georg, and Reinhard L. Lorenz. TGF-b1 downregulates CD36 and scavenger receptor A but upregulates LOX-1 in human macrophages. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278: H1042–H1048, 2000.—Transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), a key cytokine for control of cell growth, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammation control, is secreted by many cells present in the arteriosclerotic plaque. ...

The immune system is an important target for the cytokine TGF-b1, whose actions on lymphocytes are largely inhibitory. TGF-b has been reported to inhibit IL-12and IL-2-induced cell proliferation and IFN-g production by T cells and NK cells; however, the mechanisms of inhibition have not been clearly defined. It has been suggested by some studies that TGF-b blocks cytokineinduced Janus kinase (J...

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process associated with the metastasis of solid tumors as well as with the acquisition of resistance to standard anticancer modalities. A major initiator of EMT in carcinoma cells is TGF-b, which has been shown to induce the expression of several transcription factors ultimately responsible for initiating and maintaining the EMT program. We have ...

The postreceptor signaling pathway(s) that mediates the effects of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) is incompletely understood. The present study investigated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the growth-inhibitory action of TGF-b1 in PC3, a human prostate cancer cell line. PKCa, the only conventional PKC isoform detected in PC3 cells, appeared to be constitutively active based...

The contributions of TGF-b signaling to cancer are complex but involve the inflammatorymicroenvironment as well as cancer cells themselves. In mice encoding a TGF-b mutant that precludes its binding to the latent TGF-b binding protein (Tgfb1 ), we observed multiorgan inflammation and an elevated incidence of various types of gastrointestinal solid tumors due to impaired conversion of latent to ...