BACKGROUND Inferior oblique muscle overaction of variable amounts is usually present with congenital superior oblique palsy. Inferior oblique muscle anteriorization has been described as a suitable surgical procedure in this entity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inferior oblique muscle anteriorization in patients with congenital superior oblique palsy on vertical, torsi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper is to review different types of superior oblique muscle surgeries, to describe the main areas in clinical practice where superior oblique surgery is required or preferred, and to discuss the preferred types of superior oblique surgery with respect to their clinical outcomes. METHODS A consecutive nonrandomized retrospective series of patients who had under...

OBJECTIVES To present the outcomes of unilateral inferior oblique myectomy performed in patients with inferior oblique overaction due to superior oblique palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients that underwent inferior oblique myectomy surgery for superior oblique palsy between 2002 and 2008 were included. Inferior oblique overaction scores (between 0-4) at preoperative, ...

PURPOSE We wanted to examine the effect of graded recession and anteriorization of the inferior oblique muscle on patients suffering from unilateral superior oblique palsy. METHODS Inferior oblique muscle graded recession and anteriorization were performed on twenty-two patients (22 eyes) with unilateral superior oblique palsy. The recession and anteriorization were matched to the degree of i...

Lesions affecting the dorsal midbrain can result in a constellation of ocular findings such as vertical gaze disturbances, convergence retraction nystagmus, light-near dissociation of pupils, and eyelid retraction. Although bilateral superior oblique palsy can occur after a stroke, its occurrence secondary to nontraumatic brainstem hemorrhage is extremely rare. We report a combination of dorsal...

PURPOSE The rectus extraocular muscles pass through fibromuscular connective tissue pulleys that stabilize muscle paths and control the direction of muscle pull. The authors investigated whether abnormal forces associated with superior oblique palsy can cause displacement of pulleys and muscle paths. METHODS Coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing significantly reduced superior obliq...

INTRODUCTION Patients with superior oblique muscle palsy often assume a compensatory head tilt to the contralateral side of the affected eye. This tilt serves to decrease the hypertropia and, in theory, might decrease the excyclotropia. METHODS A prospective investigation was undertaken of the effect of forced head tilt to the right and left on torsion and the hypertropia in patients with uni...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of superior oblique (SO) muscles have revealed a high incidence of SO muscle atrophy/hypoplasia in congenital SO palsy patients. It has also been reported that long-standing acquired SO palsy patients show atrophic SO muscles in the affected eye. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of SO muscle atrophy/hypoplasia in congenital and acqu...