We study the discrete dynamics of interval maps generated by action erasing block substitutions on binary expansion. propose a classification in hierarchy classes displaying progressively stronger character. investigate how this affects corresponding maps, showing that richest dynamical behavior (Devaney and Li-Yorke chaos, infinite topological entropy) is achieved at precise step hierarchy, wh...

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), has gained significant interests in biotechnology, especially in biosensor field and diagnostic test kits. Hence, its solvent-exposed lysine residues 174, 232, and 241 have been frequently modified with the aim of improving its stability and catalytic efficiency. In this computational study, we investigated the effects of Lys-to-Glu substitutions on HRP structure t...