background: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of extracts of curcuma longa or its constituent, curcumin, have some roles in cognitive function in animals. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in preventing spatial performance impairment induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, in rats using ...

introduction: ascorbic acid (aa) acts as an antioxidant in the central nervous system (cns) of the mammalians. it is released from the some nerve ending together with neurotransmitters. the results have shown that ascorbic acid could affect learning as well as memory. in this study, we examined the effect of icv injection of ascorbic acid on learning and memory by morris water maze. method: in ...

it is important for people to improve cognitive and motor performance. the purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill in spatial memory and learning and motor performance. 24 albino-wistar healthy male rats were randomly divided into control and activity groups. activity group ran 7 days on treadmill (speed 22m/min 30 minutes a day). after the end of activity p...

objective(s): there is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (meth) on spatial memory. we tested the time- dependent effects of meth on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in meth –sensitized and withdrawn rats in the morris water maze. materials and methods: rats were sensitized to meth (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, sc). rats were trained in water maze ...

introduction: previous studies have shown that vitamin a and its derivatives such as retinoid and all-trans retinoic acid have a crucial role in memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. the receptors of vitamin a are seen in different parts of the brain such as hippocampus, where vitamin a has an important role in learning. in this study, the effect of intrahippocampal (ca1) injection of all –...

Objective: The present study investigates the effect of Tiliacora triandra leaf extract on spatial learning, memory, and learning flexibility as well as hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in mice.  Materials and Methods: Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups including 10% Tween 80, T. triandra 300 mg/kg and T. triandra 600 mg/kg. All administrations wer...

abstract: introduction & objective: the hippocampal formation is a part of limbic system that plays an important role in memory and learning. the hippocampus is divided into three subfields: ca1, ca2 and ca3. in addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the astrocytes play important roles in hippocampus, probably in memory and learning. in fact, learning needs some instruments for informa...

abstract: ِintroduction: the effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. so in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (no) and morphine in ca3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. methods: after anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in ca3 of hippocampus. after recove...

Abstract: ِIntroduction: The effect of morphine dependency on learning and spatial memory is controversial. So in this study effect of co-administeration of nitric oxide (NO) and morphine in CA3 of hippocampus on learning and spatial memory in morphine dependent rats was investigated. Methods: After anaesthetization of male rats, cannulae implanted bilaterally in CA3 of hippocampus. After reco...