Transdermal drug delivery has the potential to provide many practical and clinical advantages including sustained release of drugs, avoidance first pass-hepatic metabolism, patient-friendly. However, efficiency this administration long been hindered by skin barrier. The upper layer skin, stratum corneum (SC), provides a strong barrier permeation most drugs into deeper dermal layers, which limit...

Transdermal drug delivery is highly advantageous method for drug administration, yet the compact structure of stratum corneum is an effective barrier which limited the use of this route to very few drug molecules. Ultrasound enhances the permeation through the skin by altering this barrier function in a phenomenon named sonophoresis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of variable ultrasoni...

introduction: sonophoresis has been assessed as a novel approach to create skin permeability and drug delivery using low frequencies of ultrasound waves in the range of 20 khz to 3 mhz. in this study, a system including seven 40 khz piezoelectric transducers and an insulin chamber designed by the medical physics research center has been evaluated on hyperglycemic rabbits. materials and methods:...