Appropriate storage strategies were helpful in keeping the integrity and activity as well as in promoting the engineering application of granular sludge. The particle size distribution, composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and activity of shortcut nitrification aerobic granular sludge (SNAGS) of the different storage strategies (15 °C with intermittent aeration, 4 °C, −20 °...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides (SNAGs) with and without Isometric Exercise Training Program (IETP) in Non-specific Neck Pain (NSNP) Methods: This randomized control trial of one year duration was conducted at out-patient department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH) Peshawar, Pakistan from July 2012 to June 2013. The s...

We examined the persistence of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.) standing snags and downed logs in southwestern Colorado pinyon-juniper woodlands. The time since death of pinyon pines killed by bark beetles, black stain root disease, or unknown causes in three study areas in southwestern Colorado was determined through monitoring of permanent plots and dendrochronological crossdating methods. ...

Williamson's sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus thyroidem) have narrow habitat requirements and are sensitive indicators of change in intensively managed forest habitats of western North America. Thus, we studied habitat suitability for Williamson's sapsuckers at 99 4-ha sites (33 nest sites, 66 non-use sites) in mixedconifer forests in Arizona during 1991. Nesting success of sapsuckers was high in this h...

A 14-year study of snag characteristics was established in 41to 44-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in southeastern USA. During the initial 5.5 years, no stand manipulation or unusually high-mortality events occurred. Afterwards, three treatments were applied consisting of trees thinned and removed, trees felled and not removed, and artificial creation of snags produced by girdlin...

Management of downed woody fuels and snags (standing dead trees) is receiving increasing attention because of their ecosystem values and effects on potential fire behavior. Research has correlated the abundance of many wildlife species with snags and downed woody material but very little information exists of the abundance and arrangement of these forest structures, particularly in unmanaged fo...

Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate estimation of snag density by snag quality class. ...

Dead wood is an important component of the forest for many species. In many locations, however, the presence of dead wood has declined, and there is a need to make what is left more suitable for the myriad of creatures dependent on this material. In this paper, I will summarize the value of dead wood for these species and describe methods for improving the dead wood component of the forest to m...

It has been suggested that a latitudinal gradient exists of a low density of snags and high density of naturally-formed tree-cavities in tropical vs. temperate forests, though few cavities may have characteristics suitable for nesting by birds. We determined snag and cavity density, characteristics, and suitability for birds in a tropical dry forest biome of western Mexico, and evaluated whethe...

Manual therapy is effective for reducing cervicogenic dizziness, a disabling and persistent problem, in the short term. This study investigated the effects of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) and passive joint mobilisations (PJMs) on cervicogenic dizziness compared to a placebo at 12 months post-treatment. Eighty-six participants (mean age 62 years, standard deviation (SD) 12.7) with...