The plant hormones brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) have important roles in a wide range of processes involved in plant growth and development. In this paper we derive and analyse new mathematical models for the BR signalling pathway and for the crosstalk between the BR and GA signalling pathways. To analyse the effects of spatial heterogeneity of the signalling processes, along with s...

Recent molecular biological and genetical studies have identified several positive and negative regulators of gibberellin (GA) signalling pathways in higher plants. The DELLA protein functions as a negative regulator of GA signalling; its degradation through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is a key event in the regulation of GA-stimulated processes.

A significant stress faced by all animals is the unpredictable cycle of feeding and then starvation that ensues between meals. Humans solve this problem by storing nutrients in forms that can be used as energy sources during periods of fasting. The driving force that regulates this process is insulin, a hormone released by the β-pancreatic islet cells in response to elevated levels of nutrients...

The Hippo signalling pathway has a crucial role in growth control during development, and its dysregulation contributes to tumorigenesis. Recent studies uncover multiple upstream regulatory inputs into Hippo signalling, which affects phosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator Yki/YAP/TAZ by Wts/Lats. Here we identify the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as a new upstr...

The cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) is a key mediator of inflammation that contributes to skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL6 activates target cells by two main mechanisms, the classical and trans-signalling pathways. While signalling associated with anti-inflammatory activities cytokine, pathway mediates chronic therefore for therapeutic intervention. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural, li...

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on human microRNAs (miRNAs) expression data of endometriosis tissue profiles versus those of normal controls and to identify novel putative diagnostic markers. Materials andMethods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid Medline were used to search for endometriosis miRNA expression profiling studies of endometriosis. The miRN...

The Hippo signalling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and patterning. Recent studies have shown that two effectors in this pathway, YAP/TAZ, modulate Wnt/b-catenin signalling through their interaction with b-catenin or Dishevelled, depending on biological contexts. Here, we identify a novel mechanism through which Hippo signalling inhibits Wnt/b-catenin ...

The Hippo signalling pathway has emerged as a key regulator of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and patterning. Recent studies have shown that two effectors in this pathway, YAP/TAZ, modulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling through their interaction with β-catenin or Dishevelled, depending on biological contexts. Here, we identify a novel mechanism through which Hippo signalling inhibits Wnt/β-catenin ...