Interferons (IFNs) are a family of small regulatory glycoproteins that play a central role in the defense against viral infections. Although IFNs have been initially discovered as antiviral factors, today they are known as an integral part of the cytokine network that affect a wide range of biological processes. IFNs exert their pleiotropic effects through their multisubunit cell surface recept...

Cells respond to their environment by sensing signals and translating them into changes in gene expression. In recent years, synthetic networks have been designed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems to create new functionalities and for specific applications. In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with engineering signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, we address advant...

This is a small part of a larger project which is to understand the role of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in lymphoma-genesis. The studies are performed on two types of cell-lines, CBMI-Ral-STO is “immortal” but does not show fully malignant phenotype and RAEL cell-line can form colonies in soft agarose and generate tumors. One of the key roles will be studying transcription factors that may regulat...

signaling pathways are not isolated from their surroundings. they are also intervened by other signaling pathways known as “crosstalk mechanism”. one of the most important crosstalk mechanisms is the insulinegf network. although insulin and epidermal growth factor (egf) networks have some complexity in their isolated forms, their complexities will grow in the crosstalk network. in this study, w...

potent induction of fetal hemoglobin (hbf) production results in alleviating the complications of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (scd). hbf inducer agents can trigger several molecular signaling pathways critical for erythropoiesis. janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak/stat), mitogen activated protein kinas (mapk) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) are con...