The problem of adaptive stochastic airline seat inventory control lies at the heart of airline revenue management. This problem concerns the allocation of the finite seat inventory to the stochastic customer demand that occurs over time before the flight is scheduled to depart. The objective is to find the right combination of customers of various fare classes on the flight such that revenue is...

For large commercial airlines, efficiently setting and updating seat allocation targets for each passenger category on each multi-leg flight is an extremely difficult problem. This paper presents static and dynamic models of airline seat inventory control for multi-leg flights with multiple fare classes, which allow one to maximize an expected contribution to profit. The dynamic model uses the ...

In proportional representation systems, apportionment methods are used to convert the number of votes of a party into the number of seats allocated to this party. An interesting characteristic of any such method are the seat biases, that is, the expected differences between the actual seat allocation and the ideal share of seats, separately for each party, when parties are ordered from largest ...

Systems for allocating seats in an election offer a number of socially and mathematically interesting problems. We discuss how to model the allocation process as a network flow problem, and propose a wide choice of objective functions and allocation schemes. Biproportional rounding, which is an instance of the network flow problem, is used in some European countries with multi-seat constituenci...

Airline seat inventory control is the allocation of seats in the same cabin to different fare classes such that the total revenue is maximized. Seat allocation can be modelled as dynamic stochastic programs, which are computationally intractable in network settings. Deterministic and probabilistic mathematical programming models are therefore used to approximate dynamic stochastic programs. The...

background: seat belts have been proven as one of the most successful means of preventing or reducing injuries to occupants of cars during an accident. this paper examines the reasons behind the non-compliance of the seat belt law in malaysia and suggests possible measures to get the percentage of seat belt usage up higher. methods: various databases of articles were searched for seat belt usag...