Migrant bird populations often show substantial variation in route choice and timing. Determining whether this population-level is driven by between-individual differences and/or flexibility within individuals key to identifying drivers of migration patterns. ‘Repeatability' (R, the proportion attributable variation) has become a central metric for relative consistency individual behaviour. Ind...

INTRODUCTION Pedestrian behavior and adherence to road traffic regulation is vital in the prevention and control of road traffic accidents (RTA) especially on highways in Ghana. We assessed pedestrians' adherence to road crossing regulations on the George Walker Bush (N1) Highway in Accra. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study of pedestrians crossing the N1 highway from both sides of t...

The development of computerized systems in the financial industry facilitated the growth of the stock exchange market for institutional and private investors. Paperless settlement systems for stocks and bonds were first introduced in the Nordic region. The successful introduction of the new infrastructure for the securities markets was the result of solid cooperation between market participants...

PURPOSE Hemidecussation of fibers entering the optic chiasm from the optic nerves is well recognized. The reason why bitemporal hemianopia results from chiasmal compression has not been fully explained. There is still a paucity of data relating to the precise details of the routes that the nerve fibers take through the chiasm and, in particular, where and how nerve fibers cross each other. This...

How does social presence influence the perception of energy expenditure? People often think about social relationships in terms of space. For instance, when drawing routes on maps they draw paths closer to friends than strangers (Matthews & Matlock, 2011). How does the mere presence of a friend influence reasoning about caloric expenditure? Here, participants who imagined working for an outdoor...

Background Given that school-age students, as active road users, are more vulnerable to injury compared with other pedestrians, a large number of them, following an injury, may either fail to go to school at least for a short time or even suffer from disabilities for the rest of their lives. The aim of this study was to determine safe behavior in road crossing using the theory of planned behavi...

The paper presents a theoretical model that seeks to answer the question of why former squatter settlements tend to upgrade/redevelop at a slower pace than otherwise similar settlements originating in the formal sector. We argue that squatter settlers’ initial strategy to access urban land creates a ‘legacy effect’ that curtails settlement upgrading possibilities even after the settlements are ...

It is commonly believed that Adventure-based Counseling (ABC) training is intended for young people who are active and energetic. The St. James’ Settlement (a NGO) in Hong Kong, however, believes that such training can also have positive effects on the young olds (individuals aged 50-65). A group of young old trainees was recruited from the community to help implement related activities to elde...

On August 1, 2007, the I-35W bridge crossing the Mississippi river collapsed. In addition to the human tragedy that it caused, the bridge failure also impacted how people moved. The bridge on average carried 140,000 vehicles daily and the failure required a significant amount of traffic find new routes to reach their destinations. In its aftermath travelers had to adjust their trips, requiring ...