Moxifloxacin- and rifapentine-based regimens are under investigation for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, rifapentine may induce enzymes that metabolize moxifloxacin, resulting in decreased moxifloxacin concentrations. In this phase I, two-period, sequential-design study, 13 subjects received 400 mg moxifloxacin daily for 4 days followed by daily moxifloxacin coadministered with 900 mg r...

RATIONALE Rifapentine-based regimens for treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are being considered for future clinical trials, but even if they prove effective, high drug costs may limit their economic viability. OBJECTIVES To inform clinical trial design by estimating the potential costs and effectiveness of rifapentine-based regimens for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (...

Rifapentine is highly protein bound in blood, but the free, unbound drug is the microbiologically active fraction. In this exploratory study, we characterized the free plasma fraction of rifapentine in 41 patients with tuberculosis. We found a lower total rifapentine concentration but significantly higher free rifapentine levels in African patients of black race compared to non-Africans. These ...

Rifapentine is a long-acting cyclopentyl-derivative of rifampin. This study was designed to investigate the mass balance and biotransformation of 14C-rifapentine in humans. Four healthy male volunteers received a single 600-mg oral dose of 14C-rifapentine in a hydroalcoholic solution. Whole blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and at frequent intervals after drug administration...

Postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of rifapentine, isoniazid, and moxifloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 27294 were studied using a radiometric culture system. Rifapentine at 20 mg/liter gave the longest PAE (104 h) among the drugs used alone. The combinations of rifapentine plus isoniazid, rifapentine plus moxifloxacin, and isoniazid plus moxifloxacin gave PAEs of 136.5, 59.0, and 8.3...

BACKGROUND In a phase 3, randomized clinical trial (PREVENT TB) of 8053 people with latent tuberculosis infection, 12 once-weekly doses of rifapentine and isoniazid had good efficacy and tolerability. Children received higher rifapentine milligram per kilogram doses than adults. In the present pharmacokinetic study (a component of the PREVENT TB trial), rifapentine exposure was compared between...

Polylactic acid was combined with lemongrass essential oil (EO) to produce functional nanocapsules (NCs). The obtained polylactic acid nanoparticles showed antimicrobial activity both with and without the presence of lemongrass oil; however, the presence of EO improved the activity of the NCs. The presence of lemongrass assisted the formation of well-separated NCs and also provided enhanced ant...

Alkylmethoxypyrazines (MPs) are a class of compounds that can elicit undesirable aroma and flavor characteristics in wine, and resist remediation using traditional wine making approaches. MPs are grape-derived constituents as well as contaminants from Coccinellidae beetles present during wine processing; the latter eliciting an off-flavor referred to as 'ladybug taint'. In this study we investi...