It is hypothesized that pauses at major syntactic boundaries (i.e., grammatical pauses), but not ungrammatical (e.g., word search) pauses, are planned by a high-level cognitive mechanism that also controls the rate of articulation around these junctures. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging is used to analyze articulation at and around grammatical and ungrammatical pauses in spontaneous speech....

Since the complex and transient information in instructional animations requires more cognitive resources, the segmenting principle has been proposed to reduce cognitive overload by providing smaller chunks with pauses between segments. This study examined the effects of different types of activities during pauses in a segmented animation. Four groups were asked to do different tasks in system-...

A transvenous electrode catheter technique was used for direct recording of bipolar sinus node electrograms during postpacing atrial pauses. Multiple repetitive local sinus node electrograms during atrial quiescence validate sinus node electrograms. Such atrial pauses with sinus node electrograms are due to sinoatrial block; atrial pauses without sinus node electrograms are due to overdrive sup...

Our study set out to determine the acoustic markedness and potential communicative function of two types of silent pauses that differ in terms of speakers‘ breathing behaviour: (1) pauses with sustained breathing (breathing pauses), and (2) pauses with breath-holds (non-breathing pauses). Our first hypothesis postulates the existence of an articulatory reset in case of a breathing pause and an ...

The traditional view of macrolide antibiotics as plugs inside the ribosomal nascent peptide exit tunnel (NPET) has lately been challenged in favor of a more complex, heterogeneous mechanism, where drug-peptide interactions determine the fate of a translating ribosome. To investigate these highly dynamic processes, we applied single-molecule tracking of elongating ribosomes during inhibition of ...

We explore filled pause usage in spontaneous medical narration. Expert physicians viewed images of dermatological conditions and provided a description while working toward a diagnosis. The narratives were analyzed for differences in filled pauses used by attending (experienced) and resident (in-training) physicians and by male and female physicians. Attending physicians described more and used...

BACKGROUND Pauses during speech may reflect the planning and monitoring of discourse, two processes putatively impaired in patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with formal thought disorder (FTD). We used functional MRI to examine the neural correlates of between-clause and of filled pauses, which are respectively associated with speech planning and speech monitoring. METHODS BOLD c...

In this study we examined the read speech of native and nonnative speakers with respect to pausing details of audible breathing, particularly in disfluent phases. 20 German and 20 French native speakers read the same narrative text in their native (L1) and in their non-native language (L2). Some expected results were confirmed: more frequent pauses and more frequent disfluencies in L2, as well ...