With the availability of the many energy efficient technologies, significant reduction in energy consumption can be expected through retrofit of existing buildings. To achieve a cost-effective retrofit, however, a good understanding of the building system is necessary. In this study, two office buildings under retrofit in the Philadelphia area have been evaluated based on measured data and simu...

This paper describes three case studies of dynamic simulation in preparation for the low carbon retrofit practice, namely, a pre-1919 terrace house, and a 1970s and a 2000s semi-detached house. The houses are located in Wales, UK. Each case study examines its current performance, assesses the effectiveness of different retrofit strategies, and evaluates the best group of options available. Retr...

In this paper, we propose a method of designing low-dimensional retrofit controllers for interconnected linear systems. In the proposed method, by retrofitting an additional low-dimensional controller to a preexisting control system, we aim at improving transient responses caused by spatially local state deflections, which can be regarded as a local fault occurring at a specific subsystem. It i...

This paper describes an approach used to develop retrofit strategies for hospitals and other critical facilities in low to moderate seismic hazard zones, where strong earthquakes are infrequent, but if they should occur, the consequences would be high. Hospitals in New York State and other urban centers in the eastern U.S. fall into this category, where seismic retrofit requires information on ...

The retrofit design of a network of processes over several time periods is addressed in this paper. A strategy is proposed that consists of a high level to analyze the entire network, and a low level to analyze a specific process flowsheet in detail. A methodology is presented for the high level to model process flowsheets and retrofit modifications using a multiperiod generalized disjunctive p...

The ApRemodel project is a study of multi-occupancy retrofit in the Finnish context. As part of the study a research project was commissioned to identify and compare innovative practice with regards to non-technical issues being addressed in retrofit projects being undertaken in the UK housing sector. Given that the examples were required to address a multi-occupancy scenario all of these cases...

The contribution of this paper presents a systematic, indicator and process heuristics based retrofit method for batch processes. The developed framework considers the identification of improvement opportunities in a generic batch plant by considering also the product market situation. The evaluation of retrofit actions is performed using dynamic batch models.

Abstract—Various retrofit techniques for reinforced concrete frame with infill wall have been steadily developed. Among those techniques, strengthening methodology based on diagonal FRP strips (FRP bracings) has numerous advantages such as feasibility of implementing without interrupting the building under operation, reduction of cost and time, and easy application. Considering the safety of st...

Stakeholders strongly influence project success, particularly for complex projects with heterogeneous stakeholders, and hence, understanding their influence is essential for project management and implementation. This paper proposes an original model based on social network analysis (SNA), which first introduces critical success factors (CSFs) as intermediate variables between stakeholders and ...

seismic retrofit of masonry slabs in existing steel or masonry buildings has found special significance in current codes as failure of unstable jack arch slabs has been reported as a major reason for collapsing structures in middle east deadly earthquakes. in this paper, three retrofit schemes are investigated and compared. the proposed rehabilitation techniques consist of a single x strapping,...